Tuberculosis Flashcards
A person is considered to be exposed if there is…
> shared breathing space with someone who has pulmonary or laryngeal TB at a time when infectious person in not wearing a mask and the other person in not wearing N95 respirator.
A person has to be in CLOSE CONTACT with someone with infectious TB for LONG PERIOD OF TIME to become infected.
But some people do become infected in short period of time if the contact is in a closed or poorly ventilated space.
LTBI vs TB disease : >tubercle bacilli > mantoux skin test > chest X-ray > sputum smear and culture > symptoms > infectiousness > case of TB
LTBI vs TB disease : >tubercle bacilli (inactive; active) > mantoux skin test (+;+) > chest X-ray (normal; abnormal) > sputum smear and culture (- ;+) > symptoms (- ; +) > infectiousness (no; yes) > case of TB (no; yes)
Mode of action of isoniazid
Inhibits Mycolic acid synthesis in bacterial cell wall (bactericidal)
Mode of action of pyrazinamide.
Exact target unclear.
Disrupts plasma membrane and energy metabolism
TB that is resistant to one TB treatment drug
Mono-resistant TB
TB class and type:
Positive result to TST
Negative smears and cultures
No clinical or X-ray evidence of active TB disease
Class 2 - TB infection / No TB disease
Mode of action of rifampin
Inhibits beta unit of bacterial RNA polymerase thus inhibits RNA synthesis
Is likely responsible for the resistance and a key virulence factor.
Mycolic acid (rich in lipids)
The risk may be about ___ times higher (as with diabetes) to more than ____ times higher (as with HIV infection) for people who have these condition than for those who do not.
3x higher : diabetes
100x higher : HIV infection
TB that is resistant to at least the drugs isoniazid and rifampin; it is more difficult to treat that drug-susceptible TB.
Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB)
Droplet nuclei are very small droplets containing M.tuberculosis. What is its diameter?
1-5 um
People with prolonged, frequent, or close contact with people with TB are at high risk of becoming infected. Infection rate?
22%
Drug resistant TB can be caused by two different ways:
Caused by person to person transmission of drug-resistant organism
Primary resistance
Patient with drug resistant TB must be closely monitored to see if they are responding to treatment, they should remain in isolation until it is shown that they are no longer infectious.
Truelala
TB class and type: Medical history of TB disease Abnormal but stable X-ray findings Positive TST Negative smear and culture No clinical or X-ray evidence
Class 4 - Previous TB disease (not clinically active)
T or F: M.tuberculosis can withstand weak disinfectants and can survive in a dry state for weeks
True.
Each droplet may transmit the disease, since the infectious dose of TB is very low. The inhalation of ___ bacteria may cause an infection.
At least 10 bacteria
From infection to development of a positive TB skin test reaction (incubation period) is approximately…
2-12 weeks
Refers to the condition when a person us infected with tubercle bacilli but has not developed TB disease
Latent TB infection LTBI
Not everyone who is exposed to an infectious TB patient become infected with M.tuberculosis. The probability that TB will be transmitted depends on 4 factors:
- How Infectious or contagious
- Kind of environment when exposure occurs
- Duration of exposure
- Virulence of the tubercle bacilli
Doubling time of TB
15-20 hrs
18-24 hrs
Global TB has begun to fall since…
2004
TB is an infectious disease that usually attacks the lungs but also attack any part of the body. TB is historically known as…
Consumption
White plague
Wasting disease
Means that the tubercle bacilli are in the body, but the body’s immune system is keeping it under control and inactive.
LTBI