microbio - bacteria Flashcards
Erysipelas - fiery red swelling of face
Strep pyogenes
Group A strep, beta-hemolytic
Strep pyogenes
Disease cause by strep pyogenes
PRAISE Pharyngitis Rheumatic fever Acute post strep glomerulonephritis Impetigo (contagiosa) Scarlet fever - spares the face Erysipelas
Used to diagnose scarlet fever
Dick test
Predictive model for diagnosis of group A strep
Centor criteria
Diagnostic test of step.pyogene that indicates presence of pyrrolidonyl arrylamidase
PYR test
Major virulence factor of strep pyogenes
M protein
Bacitracin-sensitive
Strep.pyogene
Splenic abscess
Steptoccocal species
Bacitracin-resistant
Strep agalactiae
Group B, beta-hemolytic strep
Strep agalactiae
Diseases caused by strep agalactiae
Neonatal meningitis, pneumonia and sepsis
Step agalactiae is hydrolyzed by …
Hippurate
T or F: strep agalactiae is part of normal flora of vagina of pregnant women
True. About 25% of pregnant
Rapidly spreading, diffuse process
Associated with lymphangitis and fever
Milroy’s disease
Strep cellulitis
Job’s syndrome (hyper-IgE syndrome)
Recurrent cellulitis
Spreads from central localized infection.
Staph aureus cellulitis
Lancet shape
Strep pneumoniae
No lancefield classification
Alpha-hemolytic, encapsulated
Strep pneumoniae
Rusty colored sputum in pneumonia
Strep pneumoniae
Optochin, bile and quellung positive
Strep pneumoniae
Strep pneumoniae produces this enzyme for mucosal colonization
IgA protease
Most common cause of meningitis in adults
Strep pneumoniae
Optochin-resistant
Strep viridans
Cause of dental carries
Strep viridans
T or F: strep viridans is part of normal oral flora (found in the nasopharynx and gingival crevices) and GIT.
True
Group D strep, alpha,beta,gamma-hemolytic
Enterococci (strep faecalis and faecium)
Non-enterococci ( strep bovis and equinus)
Group d strep has this thing that helps them bind to heart valves
Dextran
Disease caused by group D strep
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
Biliary tract infection
Urinary tract infection
Can live in 6.5% NaCl and 40% bile
Group D strep
Catalase and coagulase positive
Facultative anaerobe
Staph aureus
Most common cause of post-influenza secondary bacterial pneumonia
Staph aureus
Produces golden yellow colonies
Staph aureus
Honey colored crusting
Staph aureus
Toxins of staph aureus
Exfoliatin
Enterotoxin
TSST-1
Staph that causes continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
Coagulase negative staph
Causes brain micro abscess, pyomyositis, hematogenous and contiguous focus osteomyelitis, post op infections, Ritter’s disease, localized bullous impetigo, necrotizing and nodular pneumonia
Staph aureus
Most common cause if UTI in sexually active women (second to e.coli)
Staph saprophyticus
Produce medussa head colonies
Bacillus anthracis
Produces black eschar
Bacillus anthracis
Obligate anaerobes
Clostridium
Bacteroides
Microaerophilic bacteria
Helicobacter and campylobacter
Spirochetes
Obligate aerobes
NN BBB LMP neisseria and nocardia Bacillus cereus, bordetella, brucella Legionella Mycobacteria Pseudomonas
Diseases caused by Clostridium septicum
Spontaneous myonecrosis
Spontaneous non traumatic gangrene
Causes spontaneous myonecrosis and spontaneous non traumatic gangrene
Clostridium septicum
Clostridium species that is not motile
Clostridium perfringens
Crepitus positive
Gas gangrene
Food poisoning (no fever)
Clostridium perfringens
Toxin of Cl.tetani which inhibits release inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA, glycine) resulting in distant muscle contraction (tetany)
Tetanospasmin
Muscle spasm
Trismus
Risus sardonicus
Respiratory muscle paralysis
Tetanus
Neurotoxin of Cl.botulinum inhibits the release of _____ from peripheral nerves. Toxin is not secreted, rather It is released upon the death of bacteria.
Acetylcholine
Flagella of clostridium has this virulence protein
H-antigen
“Bull neck”
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Diagnostic test for diphtheria
Elek’s test
Culture for corynebacterium diptheriae
TELL UR InTErn not to LOEF around
- Potassium tellurite agar
- Loeffler’s medium
Stain that demonstrates the metachromatic granules of corynebacterium diptheriae
Methylene blue
Are corynebacterium and listeria catalase positive
Yes
3rd most common cause of meningitis in children
Listeria monocytogenes
Transmission of L.monocytogenes
Ingestion of contaminated raw milk products and cabbages (coleslaw)
Motility of L.monocytogenes
Tumbling motility
Actin-jet motility
Purpura fulminans
N.menigitidis
Purpura fulminans + asplenia
N.menigitidis. + H.influenzae
Opthalmia neonatorum
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
PROM
N. gonorrheae
Primary bacterial peritonitis
honeymoon cystitis
E.coli
Toxin that e.coli has that inhibits protein synthesis by inactivating 60s ribosomal unit
Verotoxin
E.coli strain that causes Hemorrhagic uremic syndrome.
E.coli O157
Indole positive
Beta hemolytic
Ferments lactose
E.coli
Index organism for fecal contamination of water
E.coli
Indole negative
Ferments lactose
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Currant jelly sputum
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Nonmotile enteric
Klebsiella pneumoniae and shigella dysenteriae
Friedlander’s pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Swarming enteric
Proteus mirabilis
Urease positive
Phenylalanine deaminase positive
Indole negative
Does not ferment lactose
Proteus mirabilis
Lactose fermenter enteric
E.coli and klebsiella pneumoniae
Causes UTI having alkaline urine due to urease
Proteus mirabilis
Staghorn calculi
Proteus mirabilis
Cross reacts with rickettsiae species
Proteus mirabilis
Proteus mirabilis cross reacts with _____ species
Rickettsiae species
Most common cause of bloody diarrhea in 1-4yrs old
Shigella dysenteriae
Enteric bacteria
PEKSS Proteus mirabilis E.coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Shigella dysenteriae Salmonella typhi
Most common type of salmonella infection
Inflammatory diarrhea
T or F: salmonella typhi is zoonotic
False. S.typhi is not zoonotic and only carried by humans
Some people recovering from typhoid fever become chronic carriers, harboring salmonella typhi in their ____ and excreting bacteria constantly.
Gall bladder
Has characteristic rose spots on belly
And a tongue brown and furred
Typhoid fever /enteric fever (Salmonella typhi)
At risk patients of salmonella typhi
Patients who are asplenia or have nonfunctioning spleen (sickle cell anemia)
Yersinia enterocolitica is closely related to yersinia pestis that causes bubonic plague. Their difference is in the mode of transmission.
Yersinia pestis: bite of a flea
Yersinia enterocolitis: fecal-oral route
Produces bull’s eye target colonies
Yersinia enterocolitica
Diarrhea caused by yersinia enterocolitica severe abdominal pain right lower quadrant, thus it often mimics what disease?
Appendicitis (mesenteric adenitis)
Most common cause of diarrhea
Yersinia enterocolitica
Yersinia pestis is a gram-neg bacteria that exhibits striking bipolar staining with special stains. What are those?
Giemsa or Wayson’s stain
Virulence factor of yersinia pestis
V and W antigen
Caused the Black Death or the bubonic plague
Yersinia pestis
Vector of yersinia pestis
Xenopsylla cheopis
Treatment for yersinia pestis
Streptomycin + tetracycline
Puppy feces
Pica in children
Mimics appendicitis
Yersinia enterocolitica
Incubation period of yersinia enterocolitica
Cold enrichment - 4C For 1wk
Pseudoappendicits syndrome.
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Family vibrionaceae
Vibrio cholera
Vibrio panhaemolyticus
Campylobacter jejuni
Helicobacter pylori
Curved gram-negative rod with a single polar flagellum
Vibrio cholerae
Toxin produced by v.cholerae
Choleragen
Disease that presents with the abrupt onset of a watery diarrhea (classically described as looking like RICE WATER) with loss of up to 1liter of fluid per hr in severe cases.
Cholera. It causes death by dehydration
How many organisms of v.cholerae are required to be infected?
100-1000 organisms
Most common bacteria in surface water worldwide
Vibrios
Diagnostic test for cholera
String test
Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts (TCBS) agar
3 most common causes of diarrhea in the world
Campylobacter jejuni
ETEC
Rotavirus
Has characteristic gull wing appearance at 42 degrees in culture
Campylobacter jejuni
Most common cause of duodenal ulcers and chronic gastritis. And second leading cause of gastric ulcers
Helicobacter pylori
Non fermenters Hot tub folliculitis (diffuse folliculitis) Echtyma gangrenosum Cellulits ff penetrating trauma HAP
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Female genital tract abscess
Pancreatitis
Bacteroides fragilis
Bacteroides fragilis infection occurs when the organism enters into the ..
Peritoneal cavity
Organisms that cause echthyma gangrenosum
P. aeruginosa
A. Hydrophila
Causes severe croup, acute supraglottic laryngitis and meningitis (3mos -3yrs)
H.influenza
H.influenzae requires two factors for growth (both found in blood)
Factor V - NAD
Factor X - Hemin
Culture of h.influenzae
Chocolate agar
Painful genital ulcer -chancroid
H. Ducreyri
Painless genital ulcer - chancroid
Syphilis (treponema pallidum)
Causes bacterial vaginitis
Gardnerella vaginalis
Hematologic hallmark of gardnerella vaginalis infection
Clue cells
Greenish discharge with fishy odor
Gardnerella vaginalis
Mobiluncus
Gardnerella vaginalis
Treatment for gardnerella vaginalis
Metronidazole
Whooping cough
Bordetella pertussis
This organism in ubiquitous in natural and man-made water environments. Aerosolized contaminates water is inhaled, resulting in infection. Sources such as air conditioning units and cooling towers.
Legionella pneumophila
Infected lymph node in bubonic plague
Inguinal nodes (boubon is Greek for groin)
Causes left-sided valve infection in addicts
P. aeruginosa
Candida albicans
Causes tularemia
Francisella tularensis
Reservoir of francisella tularensis and how humans get infected
Rabbits. From bite of ticks and deerflies
Patient that is a worker in the meat-packing industry, a veterinarian, a farmer or a traveler who consumes dairy (cow or goat) products in Mexico or elsewhere. Possible disease?
Tularemia
Diseases caused by brucella
BUM Brucellosis (causes undulant fever) Bang's disease Undulant fever Mediterranean fever
Cat bite fever
Pasteurella multocida
Walking pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae or mycoplasma pneumoniae
Most common cause of non-gonoccocal urethritis
Chlamydia trachomatis
Diseases caused by chlamydia trachomatis
TPL
Trachoma - corneal scarring (scar traction pulls and folds the eyelids inward so that the eyelashes rub against the conjunctiva and cornea
Pebbly conjunctiva
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Between chlamydia and rickettsia, which requires an arthropod vector?
Rickettsia
Between chlamydia and rickettsia, which has fond to columnar epithelium
Chlamydia
Some rickettsia share antigenic characteristics with …
Proteus vulgaris
Classic test that uses cross reacting OX strains of proteus vulgaris antigens to help confirm diagnosis of a rickettsial infection
Weil-Felix reaction
Causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rickettsia rickettsii
Vector of rickettsia rickettsii
Dermacentor spp.
Epidemic typhus
Rickettsia prowazeki
Endemic typhus
Rickettsia typhi
Recurrent form of epidemic typhus
Brill-zinser disease
Comparison of rash from Rocky Mountain spotted fever and epidemic typhus
In contrast to Rocky Mountain spotted fever, epidemic typhus rash spares the palms, soles and face.
Scrub typhus
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Japanese river typhus
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi
Trench fever
Bartonella quintana
Cat-scratch disease
Bacillary angiomatosis
Inoculation lymphoreticulosis
Parinauds occuloglandular syndrome
Bartonella henselae
Oroya fever is a profound intravascular hemolytic anemia of a few weeks duration, associated with lesions called VERRUGA PERUANA resembling Kaposi’s sarcoma; also known as Carrión’s disease.
Bartonella bacilliformis
“The great pretender”
Treponema pallidum
Stage of syphilis: chancre
Primary syphilis
Stage of syphilis: condylomata latum
Secondary syphilis
Stage of syphilis: tabes dorsalis (spinal cord posterior column and dorsal root)
Tertiary syphilis
Rule of six in syphilis
Sixual transmission
6 axial filaments
6 wks incubation
6 wks for ulcer to heal
6 wks after ulcer heals,secondary syphilis develops
6 wks for secondary syphilis to resolve
66% of latent stage patients have resolution
6 years (at least) to develop tertiary syphilis
Syphilis: endarteritis obliterans (inflam of inner lining of artery)
Syphilitic aortitis
Early congenital syphilis occurs within 2 years and is like severe secondary syphilis. What are the manifestations?
Condylomata latum
Snuffles : runny nose
Late congenital syphilis is similarly to tertiary syphilis except that cardiovascular involvement rarely occurs. What are the manifestations?
8th nerve deafness (vestibulocochlear nerve)
Saber shin (tibia leads to bowing)
Mulberry or Moon’s molar (molars have too many cusps)
Hutchinson’s teeth (incisors are widely spaced with a central notch)
Clutton’s joint (symmetrical arthrosis)
It is seen in secondary syphilis. In paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, an antibody associated with syphilis and viral infections.
Donath-Landsteiner antibody
Most patient with syphilis will develop an acute worsening of their symptoms immediately aft antibiotics. What is this phenomenon?
Jarisch-Herxheimer phenomenon
Wasserman reaction
Treponema pallidum
Syphilitic reagin
IgG and igM
Yaws
Treponema pertenue
Pinta
Treponema carateum
Corkscrew-shaped spirochete
Borrelia
Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
Vector of Borrelia burgdorferi
Ixodid nymph tick
Borrelia burgdorferi can invade the brain, cranial nerves and even motor/sensory nerves. What is the most common CN palsy?
Bell’s palsy
Severest form of leprosy where patients cannot mount CMI response to M.leprae.
Lepromatous leprosy
Long, thin aerobic spirochete that have hook on one or bothe ends, giving them an “ice tongs” appearance
Leptospira
Weil’s disease
Leptospira interrogans
Fevers caused by leptospira interrogans
FCPCN Fort Bragg fever Canefield fever Pretibial fever Canicola fever Nanukayami fever
Rat catcher’s yellow
Leptospira interrogans
Pemphigus neonatorum
Leptospira interrogans
Incubation period of Leptospira interrogans
5-14 days (2-30days)
Cord factor of mycobacteria
Trehalose dimycolate
Incubation period of mycobacterium tuberculosis
3-8 wks
Culture for mycobacteria
Lowenstein-Jensen medium
Produces serpentine colonies
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces ____ in culture
Niacin
Diagnostic test for mycobacterium tuberculosis
Montoux test
Caseous necrosis is due to
Phosphatides
Hansen’s disease
Leprosy by mycobacterium leprae
Growth medium of mycobacterium leprae
Footpads of mice or in armadillo
T or F: mycobacterium leprae grows better in cooler temperature closer to the skin surface.
True. Leprosy involves the cooler are of the body.
Leonine facies if a manifestation of …
Lepromatous leprosy
Lucio’s phenomenon
mycobacterium leprae
Poly microbial
Brain abscess
Tiniest free living organism capable of self-replication
Mycoplasma
Number one cause of bacterial bronchitis and and pneumonia in teenagers and young adults
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Diagnostic test for Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Cold agglutinins
Characteristic fried egg appearance
Mycoplasma
Nongonoccocal urethritis (20-30%) Prostitis and epididimytis in men
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Drug induced
Adults
Stratum germinativum
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)
Rat bite fever
By streptobacillus moniliformis
Spirillum minus
Rat bite fever
Produces cherry red colonies
Serratia mercescens
Red diaper syndrome
Serratia mercescens
Enzymes of serratia mercescens
Gelatinase
DNAse
Lipase
Q fever
Coxiella burnetti
Transmission of coxiella burnetti
Inhalation of aerosols
Cellulitis on bone renderers and fish mongers
Erysipelothrix rhusfopathiae
Subungual hemorrhage
In s.aureus endocarditis
Osler’s node
Dental plaques
Produce sulfur granules
Arachnia propionica
Human granulocytotrophic ehrlichiosis
Anaplasma phagocytophila
Scarlitiniform rash
Arcanobacterium hemolyticum
