microbio - bacteria Flashcards by zarieh Novela

Erysipelas - fiery red swelling of face

Strep pyogenes

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Group A strep, beta-hemolytic

Strep pyogenes

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Disease cause by strep pyogenes

PRAISE 
Pharyngitis
Rheumatic fever
Acute post strep glomerulonephritis  
Impetigo (contagiosa)
Scarlet fever - spares the face
Erysipelas

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Used to diagnose scarlet fever

Dick test

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Predictive model for diagnosis of group A strep

Centor criteria

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Diagnostic test of step.pyogene that indicates presence of pyrrolidonyl arrylamidase

PYR test

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Major virulence factor of strep pyogenes

M protein

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Bacitracin-sensitive

Strep.pyogene

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Splenic abscess

Steptoccocal species

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Bacitracin-resistant

Strep agalactiae

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Group B, beta-hemolytic strep

Strep agalactiae

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Diseases caused by strep agalactiae

Neonatal meningitis, pneumonia and sepsis

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Step agalactiae is hydrolyzed by …

Hippurate

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T or F: strep agalactiae is part of normal flora of vagina of pregnant women

True. About 25% of pregnant

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Rapidly spreading, diffuse process
Associated with lymphangitis and fever
Milroy’s disease

Strep cellulitis

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Job’s syndrome (hyper-IgE syndrome)
Recurrent cellulitis
Spreads from central localized infection.

Staph aureus cellulitis

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Lancet shape

Strep pneumoniae

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No lancefield classification

Alpha-hemolytic, encapsulated

Strep pneumoniae

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Rusty colored sputum in pneumonia

Strep pneumoniae

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Optochin, bile and quellung positive

Strep pneumoniae

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Strep pneumoniae produces this enzyme for mucosal colonization

IgA protease

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Most common cause of meningitis in adults

Strep pneumoniae

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Optochin-resistant

Strep viridans

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Cause of dental carries

Strep viridans

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T or F: strep viridans is part of normal oral flora (found in the nasopharynx and gingival crevices) and GIT.

True

Group D strep, alpha,beta,gamma-hemolytic

Enterococci (strep faecalis and faecium) | Non-enterococci ( strep bovis and equinus)

Group d strep has this thing that helps them bind to heart valves

Dextran

Disease caused by group D strep

Subacute bacterial endocarditis Biliary tract infection Urinary tract infection

Can live in 6.5% NaCl and 40% bile

Group D strep

Catalase and coagulase positive | Facultative anaerobe

Staph aureus

Most common cause of post-influenza secondary bacterial pneumonia

Staph aureus

Produces golden yellow colonies

Staph aureus

Honey colored crusting

Staph aureus

Toxins of staph aureus

Exfoliatin Enterotoxin TSST-1

Staph that causes continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)

Coagulase negative staph

Causes brain micro abscess, pyomyositis, hematogenous and contiguous focus osteomyelitis, post op infections, Ritter's disease, localized bullous impetigo, necrotizing and nodular pneumonia

Staph aureus

Most common cause if UTI in sexually active women (second to e.coli)

Staph saprophyticus

Produce medussa head colonies

Bacillus anthracis

Produces black eschar

Bacillus anthracis

Obligate anaerobes

Clostridium | Bacteroides

Microaerophilic bacteria

Helicobacter and campylobacter | Spirochetes

Obligate aerobes

``` NN BBB LMP neisseria and nocardia Bacillus cereus, bordetella, brucella Legionella Mycobacteria Pseudomonas ```

Diseases caused by Clostridium septicum

Spontaneous myonecrosis | Spontaneous non traumatic gangrene

Causes spontaneous myonecrosis and spontaneous non traumatic gangrene

Clostridium septicum

Clostridium species that is not motile

Clostridium perfringens

Crepitus positive Gas gangrene Food poisoning (no fever)

Clostridium perfringens

Toxin of Cl.tetani which inhibits release inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA, glycine) resulting in distant muscle contraction (tetany)

Tetanospasmin

Muscle spasm Trismus Risus sardonicus Respiratory muscle paralysis

Tetanus

Neurotoxin of Cl.botulinum inhibits the release of _____ from peripheral nerves. Toxin is not secreted, rather It is released upon the death of bacteria.

Acetylcholine

Flagella of clostridium has this virulence protein

H-antigen

"Bull neck"

Corynebacterium diptheriae

Diagnostic test for diphtheria

Elek's test

Culture for corynebacterium diptheriae

TELL UR InTErn not to LOEF around 1. Potassium tellurite agar 2. Loeffler's medium

Stain that demonstrates the metachromatic granules of corynebacterium diptheriae

Methylene blue

Are corynebacterium and listeria catalase positive

Yes

3rd most common cause of meningitis in children

Listeria monocytogenes

Transmission of L.monocytogenes

Ingestion of contaminated raw milk products and cabbages (coleslaw)

Motility of L.monocytogenes

Tumbling motility | Actin-jet motility

Purpura fulminans

N.menigitidis

Purpura fulminans + asplenia

N.menigitidis. + H.influenzae

Opthalmia neonatorum Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome PROM

N. gonorrheae

Primary bacterial peritonitis | honeymoon cystitis

E.coli

Toxin that e.coli has that inhibits protein synthesis by inactivating 60s ribosomal unit

Verotoxin

E.coli strain that causes Hemorrhagic uremic syndrome.

E.coli O157

Indole positive Beta hemolytic Ferments lactose

E.coli

Index organism for fecal contamination of water

E.coli

Indole negative | Ferments lactose

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Currant jelly sputum

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Nonmotile enteric

Klebsiella pneumoniae and shigella dysenteriae

Friedlander's pneumoniae

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Swarming enteric

Proteus mirabilis

Urease positive Phenylalanine deaminase positive Indole negative Does not ferment lactose

Proteus mirabilis

Lactose fermenter enteric

E.coli and klebsiella pneumoniae

Causes UTI having alkaline urine due to urease

Proteus mirabilis

Staghorn calculi

Proteus mirabilis

Cross reacts with rickettsiae species

Proteus mirabilis

Proteus mirabilis cross reacts with _____ species

Rickettsiae species

Most common cause of bloody diarrhea in 1-4yrs old

Shigella dysenteriae

Enteric bacteria

``` PEKSS Proteus mirabilis E.coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Shigella dysenteriae Salmonella typhi ```

Most common type of salmonella infection

Inflammatory diarrhea

T or F: salmonella typhi is zoonotic

False. S.typhi is not zoonotic and only carried by humans

Some people recovering from typhoid fever become chronic carriers, harboring salmonella typhi in their ____ and excreting bacteria constantly.

Gall bladder

Has characteristic rose spots on belly | And a tongue brown and furred

Typhoid fever /enteric fever (Salmonella typhi)

At risk patients of salmonella typhi

Patients who are asplenia or have nonfunctioning spleen (sickle cell anemia)

Yersinia enterocolitica is closely related to yersinia pestis that causes bubonic plague. Their difference is in the mode of transmission.

Yersinia pestis: bite of a flea | Yersinia enterocolitis: fecal-oral route

Produces bull's eye target colonies

Yersinia enterocolitica

Diarrhea caused by yersinia enterocolitica severe abdominal pain right lower quadrant, thus it often mimics what disease?

Appendicitis (mesenteric adenitis)

Most common cause of diarrhea

Yersinia enterocolitica

Yersinia pestis is a gram-neg bacteria that exhibits striking bipolar staining with special stains. What are those?

Giemsa or Wayson's stain

Virulence factor of yersinia pestis

V and W antigen

Caused the Black Death or the bubonic plague

Yersinia pestis

Vector of yersinia pestis

Xenopsylla cheopis

Treatment for yersinia pestis

Streptomycin + tetracycline

Puppy feces Pica in children Mimics appendicitis

Yersinia enterocolitica

Incubation period of yersinia enterocolitica

Cold enrichment - 4C For 1wk

Pseudoappendicits syndrome.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Family vibrionaceae

Vibrio cholera Vibrio panhaemolyticus Campylobacter jejuni Helicobacter pylori

Curved gram-negative rod with a single polar flagellum

Vibrio cholerae

Toxin produced by v.cholerae

Choleragen

Disease that presents with the abrupt onset of a watery diarrhea (classically described as looking like RICE WATER) with loss of up to 1liter of fluid per hr in severe cases.

Cholera. It causes death by dehydration

How many organisms of v.cholerae are required to be infected?

100-1000 organisms

Most common bacteria in surface water worldwide

Vibrios

Diagnostic test for cholera

String test | Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts (TCBS) agar

3 most common causes of diarrhea in the world

Campylobacter jejuni ETEC Rotavirus

Has characteristic gull wing appearance at 42 degrees in culture

Campylobacter jejuni

Most common cause of duodenal ulcers and chronic gastritis. And second leading cause of gastric ulcers

Helicobacter pylori

``` Non fermenters Hot tub folliculitis (diffuse folliculitis) Echtyma gangrenosum Cellulits ff penetrating trauma HAP ```

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Female genital tract abscess | Pancreatitis

Bacteroides fragilis

Bacteroides fragilis infection occurs when the organism enters into the ..

Peritoneal cavity

Organisms that cause echthyma gangrenosum

P. aeruginosa | A. Hydrophila

Causes severe croup, acute supraglottic laryngitis and meningitis (3mos -3yrs)

H.influenza

H.influenzae requires two factors for growth (both found in blood)

Factor V - NAD | Factor X - Hemin

Culture of h.influenzae

Chocolate agar

Painful genital ulcer -chancroid

H. Ducreyri

Painless genital ulcer - chancroid

Syphilis (treponema pallidum)

Causes bacterial vaginitis

Gardnerella vaginalis

Hematologic hallmark of gardnerella vaginalis infection

Clue cells

Greenish discharge with fishy odor

Gardnerella vaginalis

Mobiluncus

Gardnerella vaginalis

Treatment for gardnerella vaginalis

Metronidazole

Whooping cough

Bordetella pertussis

This organism in ubiquitous in natural and man-made water environments. Aerosolized contaminates water is inhaled, resulting in infection. Sources such as air conditioning units and cooling towers.

Legionella pneumophila

Infected lymph node in bubonic plague

Inguinal nodes (boubon is Greek for groin)

Causes left-sided valve infection in addicts

P. aeruginosa | Candida albicans

Causes tularemia

Francisella tularensis

Reservoir of francisella tularensis and how humans get infected

Rabbits. From bite of ticks and deerflies

Patient that is a worker in the meat-packing industry, a veterinarian, a farmer or a traveler who consumes dairy (cow or goat) products in Mexico or elsewhere. Possible disease?

Tularemia

Diseases caused by brucella

``` BUM Brucellosis (causes undulant fever) Bang's disease Undulant fever Mediterranean fever ```

Cat bite fever

Pasteurella multocida

Walking pneumoniae

Chlamydia pneumoniae or mycoplasma pneumoniae

Most common cause of non-gonoccocal urethritis

Chlamydia trachomatis

Diseases caused by chlamydia trachomatis

TPL Trachoma - corneal scarring (scar traction pulls and folds the eyelids inward so that the eyelashes rub against the conjunctiva and cornea Pebbly conjunctiva Lymphogranuloma venereum

Between chlamydia and rickettsia, which requires an arthropod vector?

Rickettsia

Between chlamydia and rickettsia, which has fond to columnar epithelium

Chlamydia

Some rickettsia share antigenic characteristics with ...

Proteus vulgaris

Classic test that uses cross reacting OX strains of proteus vulgaris antigens to help confirm diagnosis of a rickettsial infection

Weil-Felix reaction

Causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Rickettsia rickettsii

Vector of rickettsia rickettsii

Dermacentor spp.

Epidemic typhus

Rickettsia prowazeki

Endemic typhus

Rickettsia typhi

Recurrent form of epidemic typhus

Brill-zinser disease

Comparison of rash from Rocky Mountain spotted fever and epidemic typhus

In contrast to Rocky Mountain spotted fever, epidemic typhus rash spares the palms, soles and face.

Scrub typhus

Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

Japanese river typhus

Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

Trench fever

Bartonella quintana

Cat-scratch disease Bacillary angiomatosis Inoculation lymphoreticulosis Parinauds occuloglandular syndrome

Bartonella henselae

Oroya fever is a profound intravascular hemolytic anemia of a few weeks duration, associated with lesions called VERRUGA PERUANA resembling Kaposi's sarcoma; also known as Carrión's disease.

Bartonella bacilliformis

"The great pretender"

Treponema pallidum

Stage of syphilis: chancre

Primary syphilis

Stage of syphilis: condylomata latum

Secondary syphilis

Stage of syphilis: tabes dorsalis (spinal cord posterior column and dorsal root)

Tertiary syphilis

Rule of six in syphilis

Sixual transmission 6 axial filaments 6 wks incubation 6 wks for ulcer to heal 6 wks after ulcer heals,secondary syphilis develops 6 wks for secondary syphilis to resolve 66% of latent stage patients have resolution 6 years (at least) to develop tertiary syphilis

Syphilis: endarteritis obliterans (inflam of inner lining of artery)

Syphilitic aortitis

Early congenital syphilis occurs within 2 years and is like severe secondary syphilis. What are the manifestations?

Condylomata latum | Snuffles : runny nose

Late congenital syphilis is similarly to tertiary syphilis except that cardiovascular involvement rarely occurs. What are the manifestations?

8th nerve deafness (vestibulocochlear nerve) Saber shin (tibia leads to bowing) Mulberry or Moon's molar (molars have too many cusps) Hutchinson's teeth (incisors are widely spaced with a central notch) Clutton's joint (symmetrical arthrosis)

It is seen in secondary syphilis. In paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, an antibody associated with syphilis and viral infections.

Donath-Landsteiner antibody

Most patient with syphilis will develop an acute worsening of their symptoms immediately aft antibiotics. What is this phenomenon?

Jarisch-Herxheimer phenomenon

Wasserman reaction

Treponema pallidum

Syphilitic reagin

IgG and igM

Yaws

Treponema pertenue

Pinta

Treponema carateum

Corkscrew-shaped spirochete

Borrelia

Lyme disease

Borrelia burgdorferi

Vector of Borrelia burgdorferi

Ixodid nymph tick

Borrelia burgdorferi can invade the brain, cranial nerves and even motor/sensory nerves. What is the most common CN palsy?

Bell's palsy

Severest form of leprosy where patients cannot mount CMI response to M.leprae.

Lepromatous leprosy

Long, thin aerobic spirochete that have hook on one or bothe ends, giving them an "ice tongs" appearance

Leptospira

Weil's disease

Leptospira interrogans

Fevers caused by leptospira interrogans

``` FCPCN Fort Bragg fever Canefield fever Pretibial fever Canicola fever Nanukayami fever ```

Rat catcher's yellow

Leptospira interrogans

Pemphigus neonatorum

Leptospira interrogans

Incubation period of Leptospira interrogans

5-14 days (2-30days)

Cord factor of mycobacteria

Trehalose dimycolate

Incubation period of mycobacterium tuberculosis

3-8 wks

Culture for mycobacteria

Lowenstein-Jensen medium

Produces serpentine colonies

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces ____ in culture

Niacin

Diagnostic test for mycobacterium tuberculosis

Montoux test

Caseous necrosis is due to

Phosphatides

Hansen's disease

Leprosy by mycobacterium leprae

Growth medium of mycobacterium leprae

Footpads of mice or in armadillo

T or F: mycobacterium leprae grows better in cooler temperature closer to the skin surface.

True. Leprosy involves the cooler are of the body.

Leonine facies if a manifestation of ...

Lepromatous leprosy

Lucio's phenomenon

mycobacterium leprae

Poly microbial

Brain abscess

Tiniest free living organism capable of self-replication

Mycoplasma

Number one cause of bacterial bronchitis and and pneumonia in teenagers and young adults

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Diagnostic test for Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Cold agglutinins

Characteristic fried egg appearance

Mycoplasma

``` Nongonoccocal urethritis (20-30%) Prostitis and epididimytis in men ```

Ureaplasma urealyticum

Drug induced Adults Stratum germinativum

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)

Rat bite fever

By streptobacillus moniliformis

Spirillum minus

Rat bite fever

Produces cherry red colonies

Serratia mercescens

Red diaper syndrome

Serratia mercescens

Enzymes of serratia mercescens

Gelatinase DNAse Lipase

Q fever

Coxiella burnetti

Transmission of coxiella burnetti

Inhalation of aerosols

Cellulitis on bone renderers and fish mongers

Erysipelothrix rhusfopathiae

Subungual hemorrhage | In s.aureus endocarditis

Osler's node

Dental plaques | Produce sulfur granules

Arachnia propionica

Human granulocytotrophic ehrlichiosis

Anaplasma phagocytophila

Scarlitiniform rash

Arcanobacterium hemolyticum