Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Med Prep > onco - esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum > Flashcards

onco - esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum Flashcards

0
Q

Esophageal Ca is most common in what sex? Age?

A

M

>50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Lining of esophagus

A

Stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most common benign tumor of esophagus?

A

Leiomyoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Presenting symptoms of esophageal Ca

A

Dysphagia - most common
Weight loss
Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diagnosis for esophageal Ca

A

Barium swallow

Esophagoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Seen in barium swallow in esophageal Ca

A

Filling defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Confirmatory procedure for esophageal Ca after barium swallow

A

Esophagoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is biopsy contraindicated in diagnosis of esophageal Ca?

A

Destroys mucosa, can affect the result. Violates the mucosa making subsequent surgery (otherwise lesion will be disturbed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment for esophageal Ca

A

Esophagectomy

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment of choice for esophageal Ca if upper 3rd is affected

A

Surgery, esophagectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment of choice for esophageal Ca if lower 3rd is affected

A

RT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is endoscopy contraindicated during surgery?

A

Could perforate esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Etiology of esophageal Ca

A

Alcohol ingestion
Cigarette smoking, opiates
Food additives (Nitrate,Fungal toxins in pickled veggie)
Poor dental hygiene
Hot drinks, lye ingestion
Esophageal disorders (Esophagitis, achalasia, Mallory-Weiss, gerd, Plummer-Vinson)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Esophagitis is an infection caused by..

A

Herpes simplex
CMV
Candidiasis, aspergillosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Motor disorder characterized by aperistalsis, failure of relaxation of LES and increased basal tone of LES

A

Achalasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gross appearance of achalasia

A

Proximal dilatation (Bird’s beak)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Complication of long standing reflux esophagitis or gerd where in squamous cell becomes columnar

A

Barrett’s esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Barrett’s esophagus has increased risk for what type of esophageal Ca?

A

Adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most common esophageal Ca

A

SCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Rare esophageal Ca

A

Mucoepidermoid Ca

Adenoid cystic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Most commonly affected site of Ca of SCC of esophagus

A

Middle 1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Most commonly affected site of adenocarcinoma of esophagus

A

Distal. 1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Metastatic site of esophageal

A

Liver
Bone
Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Earliest metastasis of esophageal Ca

A

Liver, due to chronic drinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
T/F: if esophageal Ca is accompanied with pneumonia, it has poor prognosis
True
25
Size of esophagus
25cm
26
3 areas of narrowing in esophagus
1. Beginning of esophagus (cricopharyngeus m) 2. Where l mainstream bronchus and aortic arch cross 3. At hiatus of diaphragm
27
Cricopharyngeus muscle | Prevents passage of excess air into the stomach during breathing
Upper esophageal sphincter UES
28
Physiologic sphincter Relaxes with the initiation of pharyngeal swallow and prevents reflux of gastric content when swallowing is not occurring
Lower esophageal sphincter LES
29
I ate 10 eggs at noon
IVC - T8 Esophagus - T10 Aorta - T12
30
Contraindication for surgery of esophageal mass
``` Poor performance status Severe malnutrition Vocal cord palsy Broncho-esophageal fistula Invasion of great vessels Cervical/celiac node involvement Distant metastasis ```
31
Mechanical injury of esophagus with laceration with a clinical seething of chronic alcoholics after bout of severe vomiting
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
32
Syndrome characterized with dysphagia, iron def anemia and esophageal web
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
33
Most common gastric Ca
Adenocarcinoma
34
2nd most common gastric Ca
Lymphoma -GIST, leiomyosarcoma
35
Gastric Ca is commonly seen in what age?
50-70
36
Etiologic factors for gastric Ca
``` Nitrosamines Atrophic gastritis Achlorhydria Pernicious anemia (folic acid def) Blood type a Cdh1 ```
37
Presenting symptoms of gastric Ca
Anorexia, weight loss, epigastric pain
38
Diagnosis for gastric Ca
``` GI series (upper gi series> Barium swallow Biopsy - guided by endoscopy ```
39
Classification of gastric Ca
Ulcerating - diffuse type | Fungating - intestinal type
40
Among classif go gastric Ca, which is the most common? Least common.
Ulcerating - most common | Fungating - least common
41
``` Ulcerating/fungating: No cell cohesion Ca develops throughout stomach Poor prognosis No asso risk factor Younger pts ```
Diffuse, ulcerating
42
``` Ulcerating/fungating: Cohesive neoplastic cells Ca appears in atrium and lesser curvature Good prognosis Asso risk factor: h.pylori Older pts ```
Fungating, intestinal
43
A loss of distensibility of gastric wall resulting to a leather bottle appearance called
Linitis plastica
44
Linitis plastica is seen in what type of gastric Ca?
Diffuse, ulcerating
45
Treatment of choice for gastric Ca if distal part is affected
Subtotal gastrectomy
46
Treatment of choice for gastric Ca if proximal part is affected
Total gastrectomy
47
T/f: Gastric Ca is radioresistant
True. RT is for palliation of pain
48
Closely asso with gastric Ca, where Ca starts.
Adenomatous polyps
49
T/f: duodenal Ca is not asso with gastric Ca
True
50
Gastric Ca that metastasize to ovaries
Krukenberg tumor | Signet ring appearance
51
Gastric Ca that metastasize to Periumbilical region
St Mary Joseph node
52
Gastric Ca that metastasize to peritoneal cul de sac
Blumer's tumor
53
Most common site of hematogenous spread of gastric Ca
Liver
54
Post gastrectomy complication
Dumping syndrome Postvagotomy diarrhea Gastritis
55
Dumping syndrome
``` Symptoms: Epigastric pain Diarrhea Nausea and vomiting Palpitations Dizziness Flushing, sweating Signs: Tachycardia, elev.bp ```
56
Prevention for dumping syndrome
Eat Small quantity of food Avoid carbs Decrees fluid intake
57
Postvagotomy diarrhea resolves after
1yr
58
Most commonly affected by gastrectomy which makes it more difficult to perform
Pancreas
59
If pancreas and duodenum is affected and performed after gastrectomy, what do you call the procedure
Whipple's procedure - pancreaticoduodenectomy
60
Prognosis or staging of gastric Ca depends on
Depth of invasion to gastric wall | Extent of mets and lymph node involvement
61
Most common small bowel Ca
Adenocarcinoma > carcinoid > lymphoma
62
Presenting signs of small bowel or colon Ca
``` Abdominal distention Obstruction Intussusception Diarrhea Melina ```
63
Asso disease with adenocarcinoma of small bowel or colon Ca
``` Celiac disease Crohn's disease Celiac disease FAP PJ syndrome ```
64
Small intestine enters large intestine due to persistent peristalsis without intake
Intussusception
65
Intussusception is more common in what age?
Children
66
Treatment for Intussusception
Surgery, reduction
67
If in Intussusception there is cyanosis what procedure will you do?
Segmental resection, colostomy
68
Most common site of adenocarcinoma of small bowel Ca
Distal duodenum > jejunum > ileum
69
SR of small bowel Ca
25% 5 year survival
70
Most common site if carcinoid tumor of small bowel Ca
Appendix > ileum > rectum
71
An inflammatory bowel disease which forms granulomatous ileitis with bloody diarrhea and pain
Crohn's disease
72
Most common site of crohn's disease
Ileum
73
What can you see in barium enema in person with Crohn's disease?
Skip lesions of Cobblestone appearance
74
Treatment for crohn's disease
Metronidazole
75
Which is most common.. L or R colon Ca.
R colon Ca
76
Colon Ca is most common in what sex?
Female
77
Rectal Ca is most common in what sex?
Male
78
Left sided colon Ca presenting signs
Change in bowel habit Small caliber stool Obstruction
79
R sided colon Ca presenting signs
``` Anemia Fatigue Melena Less solid stools Occult bleeding Weakness ```
80
What can yours see in barium enema of left sided Colon ca?
Apple core
81
Risk factors for colon Ca
``` >50 y/o Personal history of Resected colon Family history Low fiber, high fat diet FAP, HNPCC Long standing UC or crohn's disease ```
82
Colon Ca diagnosis
``` Barium enema Endoscopy Proctosigmoidoscoy Colonoscopy CT scan Intravenous pyelography (IVP) ```
83
Mutated gene in APC.
C5
84
FAP + osteomas
Gardner's syndrome
85
FAP + Gliomas
Turcot's syndrome
86
Most common site of rectal Ca
Lower 3rd
87
S&s of rectal Ca
``` Change in bowel habits Alternating constipation and diarrhea Tenesmus Anal bleeding Lump Itching ```
88
Risk factors for rectal Ca
``` HPV HIV Smoking Multiple sexual parter Anal inter ours Immunosuppressed state ```
89
2 unique in situ tumors of perianal skin
1. Paget's disease - adenoca in situ | 2. Bowen's disease - SCC in situ
90
Diagnosis of rectal Ca
Direct rectal examination

Med Prep (52 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions