ophtha-uvea Flashcards
0
Q
3 parts of uvea
A
- Choroid
- Ciliary body
- Iris
1
Q
Pigmented vascular middle coat of the eye extending from optic disc to pupil
A
Uvea
2
Q
Posterior uvea
A
Choroid
3
Q
Anterior uvea
A
Iris and ciliary body
4
Q
Choroid is supplied by
A
10-20 short ciliary a. (A branch of ophthalmic a)
5
Q
Anterior uvea is supplied by
A
2 long ciliary a (branch of ophthalmic a)
6
Q
Choroid layers of blood vessels
A
- Outer layer of large veins leading to vortex veins (haller)
- Middle layer of medium veins and some arterioles (sattler)
- Inner layer of choriocapillaries
7
Q
The blood vessels layers are limited by 2 membranes, externally by ____ and internally by ____
A
Externally by suprachoroid
Internally by Bruch’s membrane
8
Q
Anterior uvea has 2 circumferential arterial network
A
- Major arterial circle of ciliary body and part of ant choroid
- Minor arterial circle of iris
9
Q
Embryological origin of uvea
A
Mesodermal in origin from tissues surrounding primary optic vesicle
10
Q
Embryological origin of ciliary body and iris
A
Have Neuro ectodermal components
11
Q
It provides nourishment for pigment epith and outer layer of retina
A
Choroid
12
Q
Secretes aqueous humor and controls accommodation
A
Ciliary body
13
Q
Regulates size of pupil
A
Iris
14
Q
T/f: choroid has tendency to be isolated as well as macula
A
True. Because of segmental arrangement of choriocapillaries
15
Q
Least severe inflammatory reaction
A
Iris.
Has limited bld supply and few stromal cells
16
Q
More severe inflammatory reaction
A
Ciliary body.
Hs greater number of blood vessels and cells
17
Q
Most severe inflammatory reaction
A
Choroid.
Has marked vascularity
18
Q
Pigment proliferation depends on amt of pigment. What has least pigmentation and greatest pigmentation?
A
Iris has least pigmentation.
Ciliary body more.
Choroid most.
19
Q
Purulent or non purulent inflammation: caused by bacteria or fungus
A
Purulent inflammation
20
Q
Suppuration in uvea, retina and vitreous setting up
A
Endophthalmitis
21
Q
Accumulation of leukocytes in anterior chamber
A
Hypopyon
22
Q
Endo or exogenous type of purulent inflammation:
Initially vitreous opacities
A
Endogenous type
23
Q
Endo or exogenous type of purulent inflammation:
Initially hypopyon
A
Exogenous type
24
When there is pain in purulent inflammation which occurs during the first week in endogenous type and much later in exogenous type
Glaucoma
25
In glaucoma, there is pain in purulent inflammation which occurs during ___ endogenous type and____ in exogenous type
In glaucoma, there is pain in purulent inflammation which occurs during 1st wk in endogenous type and much later in exogenous type
26
First sign in fungus purulent inflammation
Hypopyon
27
When infection extends to sclera and orbital struc producing proptosis, chemosis and limitation of ocular movement
Panophthalmitis
28
Panophthalmitis is characterized by
Proptosis
Chemosis
Limitation of ocular movement
29
Most common microorganism in bacterial purulent inflammation
Staph aureus
P. Aeruginosa
Proteus
Coli form bacillus
30
Most common microorganism in fungal purulent inflammation
```
Aspergillus
Candida
Sporotrichium
Cephalosporum
Cryptococcus
Actinomyces
```
31
If condition in purulent inflammation does not improve in 4 days...
Vitrectomy (evacuation of vitreous)
32
Non purulent inflammation
Uveitis
33
S&s of uveitis
```
Ciliary injection
Fibrin in anterior chamber
Small irreg pupil
Pupillary membrane
Vitreous opacities
Choroids exudation
```
34
Signs seen in uveitis with the aid of magnifying loupe or bio microscope (slit lamp)
Keratic precipitate
Deposition of cells on post surface of cornea
Aqueous flare or trnaslucency caused by increased albumin, aqueous cells, Koeppe's and Bussaca's pseudonodules
Iris true nodule and stromal granuloma
Post synechiae or adhesion between iris and cataract cells
35
Adhesion between iris and cataract cells
Synechiae
36
Cause of uveitis common in Western Europe and America
Toxoplasmosis
37
Cause of uveitis common in Asia and Eastern Europe
TB
38
Cause of uveitis common in Middle East and japan
Viruses
39
Cause of uveitis common in central US
Histoplasmosis
40
T/f: uveitis by itself does not cause blindness
True
41
T/f. Uveitis is a recurring condition
True
42
Usual known cause of endogenous uveitis. Bacterial
```
TB
Leprosy
Syphilis
Strep and staph
Klebsiella
Meningococcus
Gonococcus
Coliform bacilli
```
43
Usual known cause of endogenous uveitis. Viral
```
Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster
Measles
Mumps
Lymphogranuloma venerum
Cytomegalic inclusion bodies
```
44
Usual known cause of endogenous uveitis. Fungal
```
Blastomyces
Monilia
Coccidiodomyces
Cryptococcus
Histoplasma
```
45
Usual known cause of endogenous uveitis. Protozoan
Amoeba
| Toxoplasma
46
Usual known cause of endogenous uveitis. Nematode
Hookworm
| Ascaris
47
Type of uveitis caused by introduction of inert substances, the composition of living organism, or whole dead organism into the eye
Non granulomatous uveitis
48
Type of uveitis caused by live microorganism invading the eye
Granulomatous uveitis
49
Non-granulomatous/granulomatous uveitis.
| Onset
Non Granulomatous: acute
| Granulomatous. Chronic
50
Non-granulomatous/granulomatous uveitis.
| Course
Non granulomatous. Self-limiting (1-2wks)
| Granulomatous. Protracted with remission
51
Non-granulomatous/granulomatous uveitis.
| Ciliary injection
NG. Severe
| G. Mild
52
Non-granulomatous/granulomatous uveitis.
| Pain
NG. Present
| G. None
53
Non-granulomatous/granulomatous uveitis.
| Residual damage
NG. None or very slightly
| G. Always and marked
54
Non-granulomatous/granulomatous uveitis.
| Keratin precipitates
NG. Small, pin-point
| G. Big and greasy
55
Non-granulomatous/granulomatous uveitis.
| Aqueous
NG. Cells plenty
| G. Cells few
56
Non-granulomatous/granulomatous uveitis.
| Nodules
NG. None
| G. Frequent
57
Non-granulomatous/granulomatous uveitis.
| Posterior synechiae
NG. Very thin
| G. Heavy and hard to break
58
Non-granulomatous/granulomatous uveitis.
| Vitreous opacities
NG. Thin with few cells
| G. Heavy with plenty cells
59
Non-granulomatous/granulomatous uveitis.
| Retinal edema
NG. Generalized
| G. Localized over choroid all exudates
60
Non-granulomatous/granulomatous uveitis.
| Choroidal exudates
NG. None
| G. Large
61
Non-granulomatous/granulomatous uveitis.
| Pigmentation
NG. None
| G. Prominent at borders of chordal exudates
62
Reflex pupillary dilation
Mydriasis
63
The principles of treatment of uveitis can be resolved into
1. Mydriasis
2. Anti-inflammation
3. Specific therapy
64
Beneficial effects of mydriasis
```
Breaks post synechiae (which is responsible for 75% of complications that end up in blindness)
Reduces volume of iris, consequently decongesting the iris mechanically (which diminishes the vascular exudation of inflammatory cells)
Reduces pain (cycloplegic effects)
```
65
Mydriasis is done within ____ otherwise synechiae will remain permanent
Done within first 7-10 d
66
Mydriasis solutions
Soln of atropine 1%
Phenylephrine 10%
Scopolamine 1%
For 1-3 times/d
67
If there is consistent and prolonged Mydriasis, give
Sub conjunctival injection 0.5mL
68
Anti-inflammation by locally applied steroid utilized in anterior uveitis. Local suspension, ointments , subconj, succinate ans subconj acetate is given every ... To obtain adequate therapeutic level in aqueous.
Local suspension. 1-3 hrs
Ointment. 6-8 hrs
Subconj succinate. 3 d
Subconj acetate. 2 wks
69
Specific type of uveitis that has protean manifestation.
TB uveitis
70
TB uveitis affects both ant and post uvea?
Yes
71
Charac by acute ant uveitis with greasy kp, and pseudo or true iris nodule or circumscribed irreg choroidal exudates
TB uveitis
72
Does TB uveitis has tendency for recurrence?
Yes
73
Usual form of foci of infection
Ant uveitis with fine kp and cells and post synechiae
74
Most common org causing foci of infection
B-streptococcus hemolyticus
75
Most common org causing foci of infection in Philippines
Alpha strep
76
Specific type of uveitis charac with spontaneous or traumatic rupture of lens capsule
Lens-induced uveitis
77
Specific type of uveitis with acute ant uveitis with greasy kp, and post granulomatous uveitis
Lens-induced uveitis
78
Specific type of uveitis charac by acute ant uveitis with fibrin in anterior chamber I. Young asso with collagen disease
Rheumatoid disease
79
Virus that cause ant non-granulomatous type
Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster
Mumps
Lymphogranuloma venerum
80
Virus that cause posterior -granulomatous type
Cytomegalic inclusion body
81
3 types of uveitis believed to be viral in etiology
1. Behcet's disease
2. Harada's disease
3. Vogt-Koyanagi disease
82
Behcet's disease
Appearance of ant uveitis
Hypopyon
Aphthous ulcer on mouth, tongue and genitalia
83
Bilat post uveitis with retinal detachment in young
Harada's disease
84
Similar with harada's disease but ends up with an ant granulomatous uveitis with accompanying vitiligo, poliosis, alopecia, dysacusia
Vogt-kayanagi disease
85
Special type of uveitis wc is an autoimmune disease with bilateral granulomatous uveitis which follows a perforating ocular injury affecting ciliary body in one eye.
Sympathetic ophthalmia.
86
Special type of uveitis with post choroidal exudate
Toxoplasmosis
87
To destroy cyst containing trophozoites which when released are responsible for recurrence
Photo coagulation
88
Special type of uveitis confined to ant segment as granulomatous uveitis with whitish nodule in surface of iris
Leprosy
89
Treatment for leprosy
Sulfone drugs (promin, promizole)
90
Common cause of larvae migran syndrome
Larval hookworm and ascaris in dogs and cats
91
Special type of uveitis with mild ant or post granulomatous uveitis and violent post uveitis with endophthalmitis
Larvae migran syndrome
92
Endophthalmitis may end up into phthisis
Yes
93
Special type of uveitis with ant granulomatous uveitis ans appears as macular edema
Amoeba
94
Special type of uveitis charac by small peripheral exudates with hemorrhage that ends up as sharply demarcated punched-out scars
Histoplasmosis
95
Special type of uveitis as acute ant granulomatous uveitis with gelatinous exudate and crystals in ant chamber
Gout
96
Gout attack lasts for ____ leaving come residual post synechiae, pupillary membrane and and later in bans keratopathy
4-10 d
97
Absence of iris
Aniridia
98
In Aniridia, the structure behind the cornea is
Black
99
In Aniridia, what is present behind the limbus
Iris tag
100
Usual complaint in Aniridia
Photophobia
101
Difference in color of iridis of 2 eyes
Heterochromia
102
In hereditary type of heterochromia. the light/dark colored type is abnormal.
Light colored eye because if thinning of iris stroma
103
In acquired type of heterochromia. the light/dark colored type is abnormal.
Darker eye because of pigment proliferation.
| It usually follows uveal inflammation
104
In heterochromia, when aging, these 3 appears
Glaucoma
Uveitis
Cataract
105
Portions of iris, ciliary body, choroid or whole uvea is affected. It is charac by failure of optic cup to close completely during fetal life
COLOBOMA
106
COLOBOMA is located inferiorly/superiorly
Inferiorly
107
Accompanied by adjacent notching of lens and Astigmatic refractive errors
Ciliary body coloboma
108
Choroidal absence which may be partial or total where only macula is left.
With bight blindness but central vision is retained.
Choroideremia
