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microbio - Protozoa Flashcards

0
Q

When exposed to new environments (such as temperature changes, transit down the intestinal tract, or chemical agents), the protozoa can secrete a protective coat and shrink into a round armored form, called

A

Cyst

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1
Q

Protozoa ingests solid pieces of food thru a small mouth called

A

Cytostome

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2
Q

Trophozoite and cyst, which is infective?

A

Cysts

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3
Q

Following ingestion cyst converts back into the motile form, called the…

A

trophozoite

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4
Q

Buffalo-skin or Dyak skin ulcers

A

Entamoeba hystolitica

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5
Q

Swiss cheese appearance on degeneration

A

Entamoeba hystolitica

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6
Q

Flask-shaped ulcer

A

Entamoeba hystolitica

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7
Q

Positive ingested Rbc

A

Entamoeba hystolitica

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8
Q

Infective stage of entamoeba hystolitica to man

A

Cyst

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9
Q

Intestinal Protozoa that causes bloody diarrhea

A

Entamoeba hystolitica

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10
Q

Causes dysentery, amoebic colitis and liver abscess (anchovy paste)

A

Entamoeba hystolitica

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11
Q

Treatment for acute amebic colitis (by Entamoeba hystolitica)

A

Metronidazole

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12
Q

Campers frequently develop this protozoan infection after drinking from clear untreated mountain stream

A

Giardia lamblia

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13
Q

Motility of gardia lamblia

A

Falling leaf motility

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14
Q

Falling leaf motility

A

Gardia lamblia

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15
Q

Diagnostic test for giardia lamblia

A

String test

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16
Q

Most common site of gardia lamblia infection.

A

Upper part of small intestine

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17
Q

Has axonemes

A

Giardia lamblia

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18
Q

Villous atrophy - malabsorption

Lactose intolerance

A

Giardia lamblia

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19
Q

Giardia lamblia infection often manifests malodorous stool packed with fats.

A

Since giardia lamblia does NOT invade the intestinal walls, there is NO blood in the stool

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20
Q

Strawberry cervix

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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21
Q

T or F: males can have trichomoniasis

A

True. Usually asymptomatic

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22
Q

Flagellated trophozoite

A

Giardia lamblia

Trichomonas vaginalis

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23
Q

Flagellated protozoan

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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24
Q

Treatment for trichomoniasis

A

Metronidazole

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25
Q

Culture for trichomonas

A

Modified thioglycolate medium

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26
Q

Causes tartar teeth

A

Trichomonas tenax

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27
Q

Trichomonas that is commensal

A

Trichomonas tenax

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28
Q

Free living meningitis-causing amoeba that lives in freshwater and moist soil.

A

Naegleria fowleri

Acanthamoeba

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29
Q

Rapidly progressing meningoencephalitis in immunocompetent persons

A

Naegleria fowleri

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30
Q

Slow granulomatous infection and Meningitis in immunocompromised persons

A

Acanthamoeba

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31
Q

Culture for acanthamoeba

A

Culbertson’s medium

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32
Q

Swimming in freshwater

A

Naegleria fowleri

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33
Q

Parasites found more commonly in AIDS

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci (MC)
Toxoplasma gondi
Cryptosporidium

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34
Q

Obligate intracellular parasite (Protozoa)

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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35
Q

Transmission of toxoplasma Gondi

A

Ingestion of infected raw meats or food contaminated with cat feces

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36
Q

Infective stage of toxoplasma gondii

A

Trophozoite

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37
Q

Toxoplasma is one of the transplacentally acquired TORCHES organisms that can cross bpb. Pregnant women should avoid cats.

A

Just a note

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38
Q

Causes paraventricular calcification and encephalomyelitis

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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39
Q

Treatment for toxoplasma gondii infection

A

Pyrimethamine + trisulfapyrimidine

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40
Q

Stain of pneumocystis jiroveci

A

Silver stain

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41
Q

Fungal infection (previously protozoa) common in AIDS

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

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42
Q

Treatment for pneumocystis jiroveci

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

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43
Q

Most common site of cryptosporidiosis

44
Q

Acid fast oocysts

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

45
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum, when ingested as a round oocyst contains ___sporozoites

A

4 sporozoites

46
Q

Malaria is a febrile disease caused by 4 different Protozoa:

A

Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium malariae

47
Q

Infective stage of plasmodium in man

A

Sporozoites

48
Q

Infective stage of plasmodium in mosquito

A

Gametocyte

49
Q

Vector of malaria

A

Anopheles mosquito

50
Q

Malaria life cycle

A
  1. Pe-erythrocytic cycle - from anopheles, sporozoites is injected to human bloodstream to liver. SPOROZOITE becomes TROPOZOITE, then undergoes nuclear division forming SCHIZONTS then cytoplasmic membrane division forming MEROZOITE resulting to liver cell bursting.
  2. Exo-erythrocytic cycle - reinfects liver and repeat cycle
  3. Erythrocytic cycle - enters Rbc (instead of liver cells)
51
Q

Plasmodium grows in (liver,Rbc) while reproduce in (liver,Rbc)

A

Plasmodium grows in liver while reproduce in RBC

52
Q

Incubation period of plasmodium

53
Q

Plasmodium merozoite invades only reticulocyte

A

P.vivax and ovale

54
Q

Benign tertian malaria

A

P. vivax (and ovale)

55
Q

Vivax and ovale burst loose every..

A

48 hrs (tertian malaria)

56
Q

Quotidian fever

57
Q

Merozoite invades all ages of RBC

A

P. Falciparum

58
Q

Aestivoautumnal, malignant tertian or sub tertian malaria

Bursts loose irregularly

A

P.falciparum

59
Q

Algid malaria

A

P.flaciparum

60
Q

Sausage- shaped gametocyte

A

P.falciparum

61
Q

Quartan malaria

62
Q

P.malaria bursts loose every

A

72 hrs (quartan malaria)

63
Q

Ziemann’s stipling

A

P.malariae

64
Q

Plasmodium merozoite invades senescent RBC

A

P.malariae

65
Q

P.vivax and ovale has a dormant form called

A

Hypnozoite

66
Q

Hypnozoite can only be found in what species of plasmodium

A

P.vivax and ovale

67
Q

Treatment for malaria

A

Chloroquine (vivax, ovale, malariae)
Primaquine (vivax, ovale)
Mefloquine (chloroquine-resistant)

68
Q

Vector of babesia sp.

A

Ixodes sp.

69
Q

Trophozoite of this organism asexually bud and divide into 4 merozoites that stick together, forming a cross or x-shaped TETRAD ( MALTESE CROSS)

A

Babesia sp.

70
Q

TETRAD of babesia sp,

A

Maltese cross

71
Q

Blood-borne flagellates

A

Leishmania

Trypanosoma

72
Q

Vector of leishmania donovani

A

Phlebotomus sandfly

73
Q

Infective stage of leishmania donovani in man

A

Promastigote (flagellated motile form)

74
Q

Clinical form of leishmaniasis caused by L.donovani.

A

Visceral leishmaniasis

75
Q

Manifestation in visceral leishmaniasis

A

Massive Splenomegaly

76
Q

Kala-agar (black sickness)

A

Leishmania donovani

77
Q

Dum dum fever

A

Leishmania donovani

78
Q

Diagnostic test for leishmania

A

Montenegro skin test

79
Q

Vector of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

A

Tse tse fly

80
Q

East African sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

81
Q

Winter button sign (posterior lymphadenopathy)

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

82
Q

Positive kerandel’s sign (excruciating pain after minor soft-tissue injury, e.g. in palms and ulnar region.)

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

83
Q

Hemoflagellate ( lives in the bld stream)
kinetoplast (mass of mito DNA lying close to the nucleus)
Undulating membrane

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

Trypanosoma cruzi

84
Q

American trypanosoma

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

85
Q

Chagas disease

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

86
Q

Vector of trypanosoma cruzi

A

Panstrongylus megistus / reduviid bug / kissing bug

Feces

87
Q

Manifestation on acute chagas disease

A

Chagoma - erythematous induration area

88
Q

Manifestation in chronic chagas disease

A

Mega esophagus and mega colon

Chagasic cardiopathy

89
Q

Infective stage of trypanosoma cruzi in man

A

Metacyclic trypomastigote

90
Q

Diagnostic test of chagas disease

A

Machado-Guerreiro Test

91
Q

Positive Romanas sign (edema lower eyelid with conjunctivitis
Positive intracellular amastigote stage

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

92
Q

This sensitive diagnostic test is conducted where 40 lab-grown reduviid bugs are allowed to feed on the patient, and 1 month later the bug’s intestinal contents are examined for the parasite.

A

Xenodiagnosis

93
Q

Treatment for chagas disease

A

Nitrofurfurylidine derivative - nifurtimox

94
Q

Glycogen vacuoles

A

Iodomoeba butschlii

95
Q

Shepherds crook

A

Chliomastix mesnili

96
Q

The only ciliated protozoan that causes human disease - diarrhea

A

Balantidium coli

97
Q

Balantidium coli causes

98
Q

The largest pathogenic Protozoa found in the intestine

A

Balantidium coli

99
Q

Treatment for Balantidium coli infection

A

Iodoquinol

100
Q

Commonly infects recto-sigmoid large intestine

101
Q

Common site of infection in amebiasis

A

Recto-sigmoid large intestine

102
Q

Blood mucoid stools
(+) tenesmus : Painful spasm of the anal sphincter along with an urgent desire to defecate without the significant production of feces

103
Q

Culture for amoeba

A

Boeck and Drbohlav’s Locke-Egg serum medium

104
Q

Diagnostic test for entamoeba and trichomonas

A

Diamond medium

105
Q

Diagnostic test for cryptosporidium

A

Sheather’s sugar flotation

106
Q

Diagnostic test for cyclospora

107
Q

Diagnostic test for microsporidium

A

Ryan’s trichrome blue stain

Med Prep (52 decks)

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