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Med Prep > Microbio - antiviral drugs > Flashcards

Microbio - antiviral drugs Flashcards

0
Q

Do not give aspirin in children for fever,. You give what?

A

Acetaminophen

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1
Q

Chemical treatment for genital warts

A

Podophyllin

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2
Q

Host-coded proteins that are member of cytokines and which inhibits viral replication.

A

Interferon (IFN)

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3
Q

type II or immune interferon

A

IFN Gamma

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4
Q

T or F: IFN does not protect virus-infected cell and not itself the antiviral agent

A

True

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5
Q

Neuraminidase inhibitors that can shorten course of influenza A and B infection

A

Zanamivir (inhaled)

Oseltamivir (oral)

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6
Q

Rimantadine and amantadine action

A

Prevents viral un coating in influenza A

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7
Q

Inhibits early replication of influenza A (not B)

Prevents in coating by binding to M2 (matrix protein)

A

Amantadine

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8
Q

Other name for amantadine

A

Alpha-adamantanamine

Symmetrel

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9
Q

Resistant strains of influenza A to amantadine

A

H3N2 virus

H1N1 strains

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10
Q

Has longer half life than amantadine

Require no dosage adjustment in renal failure

A

Rimantadine

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11
Q

Other name for rimantadine

A

Flumadine

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12
Q

Drugs that inhibits NA synthesis

A 
Acyclovir
Ganciclovir
Vidarabine
Fomivirsen 
Foscarnet
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13
Q

Drug of choice for HSV-1 encephalitis

A

Acyclovir

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14
Q

Treatment fro HSV 1&2 and VZV

A

Acyclovir

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15
Q

Phsphorylated acyclovir is converted by thymidine kinase into…. which interferes with viral synthesis by acting as competitive substrate for DNA polymerase and chain termination

A

Acyclovir triphosphate

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16
Q

Acyclovir triphosphate inhibits DNA synthesis by (2)

A

Competitive substrate for DNA polymerase

Chain termination

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17
Q

Involved in the initial viral-specific phosphorylation of acyclovir

A

Thymidine kinase

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18
Q

Prodrug and oral prep of ganciclovir

A

Valgancyclovir

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19
Q

Prodrug of acyclovir?

A

Valacyclovir.

It has longer duration

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20
Q

Another guanosine analog that does not cause chain termination

A

Penciclovir

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21
Q

Major route of elimination of acyclovir

A

Renal excretion

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22
Q

Mode of action of ganciclovir

A

Inhibits DNA polymerase of cmv and HSV

Chain termination

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23
Q

Treatment for CMV infection

A

Ganciclovir

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24
Q

Dihydroxypropoxymethylguanine (DHPG)

A

Gancyclovir

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25
Q

Drug of choice for CMV retinitis

A

Gancyclovir

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26
Q

Adverse effect of ganciclovir

A 
MaLTHuS
Mucositis
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
Hepatic dysfunction
Seizure
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27
Q

Adenine arabinose, ara-A

A

Vidarabine

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28
Q

Nucleoside analog of arabinose, instead of ribose.

Teratogenic.

A

Vidarabine

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29
Q

Topical herpes keratitis but no effect on genital lesions

A

Vidarabine

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30
Q

Adverse effect of vidarabine

A 
GiPiTCH
Gi irritation
Paresthesia
Tremor
Convulsion 
Hepatic dysfunction
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31
Q

Antisense oligonucleotide that binds to mRNA of CMV

A

Fomivirsen

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32
Q

Trisodium phosphonoformate, foscavir

A

Foscarnet

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33
Q

Injected intravitreally for treatment of CMV retinitis

A

Fomivirsen

34
Q

Does not require phosphorylation
Inhibits DNA and RNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase
Pyrophosphate analog

A

Foscarnet

35
Q

Prophylaxis and treatment for ganciclovir-resistant strains

A

Foscarnet

36
Q

Adverse effects of foscarnet

A

Nephrotoxicity
Hypocalcemia
Hallucination
Seizures

37
Q

Structural difference between nucleoside and nucelotide

A

Nucleotide has an attached phosphate group

It has an ability to persist in cells for long period of time increasing their potency

38
Q

NNRTI or NRTI
Do not need phosphorylation
Binds directly and incompetitively to reverse transcriptase

A

NNRTI

39
Q

NRTI or NNRTI:
Competitive inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
Requires intracytoplasmic activation via phosphorylation
Activity against HIV-1 and HIV-2

A

NRTI

40
Q

NRTI or NNRTI :
Binds directly to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase resulting in allosteric inhibition of RNA and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase.
Neither competes with nucleoside triphosphate s nor require phosphorylation to be active
No activity against HIV-2

A

NNRTI

41
Q

NRTIs

A 
Azidothymidine (zidovudine, AZT)
Dideoxyinosine (didanosine, ddI)
Dideoxycytidine (zalcitabine, ddC)
Didehydro-dideoxythymidine (stavudine, d4T)
Ribavirin (Virazole)
Emtricitabine
Methisazone (N-methylisatin B-thiosemocarbazone)
Tenofivir
Lamivudine (3TC)
42
Q

Confers resistance to NRTIs

A

Pol genes

43
Q

Zidovudine, retrovir, AZT

A

Azidothymidine

44
Q

Drug of choice for patients with AIDS

A

Azidothymidine

45
Q

Increase plasma levels of azidothymidine by…

A

Antifungals

46
Q

This drug increases the clearance of azidothymidine

A

Rifampin

47
Q

Primary adverse effect of azidothymidine

A

Bm suppression

48
Q

Treatment for AIDS patients resistant to azidothymidine

A

Dideoxyinosine

49
Q

Primary adverse effect of dideoxyinosine

A

Pancreatitis

Peripheral neuropathy

50
Q

Didanosine, videx, ddl

A

Dideoxyinosine

51
Q

Drug is metabolized into ddATP to be active

A

Dideoxyinosine

52
Q

Drug is metabolized to ddCTP to be active

A

Dideoxycytidine

53
Q

Zalcitabine, hivid, ddc

A

Dideoxycytidine

54
Q

Main adverse effect of dideoxycytidine

A

Peripheral neuropathy

55
Q

Stavudine, zerit, d4T

A

Didehydro-dideoxythymidine

56
Q

Treatment for advance AIDS patients

A

Didehydro-dideoxythymidine

57
Q

Main adverse effect of Didehydro-dideoxythymidine

A

Peripheral neuropathy
Lactose acidosis
Hepatic steatosis

58
Q

Ddl, ddc, d4T all cause this adverse effect

A

All Ds cause peripheral neuropathy

59
Q

Thiazole-carboxamide moiety is substituted by aminoimidazole-carboxamide

A

Ribavirin

60
Q

Virazole

A

Ribavirin

61
Q

Inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides

For RSV infection in children

A

Ribavirin

62
Q

Contains propylene glycol
Contraindications for pregnancy and young children
Adverse effects of renal or hepatic dysfunction

A

Emtricitabine

63
Q

1st protease inhibitor to be approved for treatment of HIV

A

Saquinavir

64
Q

Inhibitor of protease encoded by HIV

A

Saquinavir

Indanivir

65
Q

N-methylisatin - B-thiosemicarbozone

A

Methisazone

66
Q

Inhibits pox protein synthesis

Blocks translation of late mRNA

A

Methisazone

67
Q

Has activity against HBV

Asso with fanconi’s syndrome

A

Tenofovir

68
Q

Included in HAART regimen
Effective against HBV infection by inhibiting DNA polymerase
Safely administered to patients with decompensated liver disease

A

Lamivudine (3TC)

69
Q

Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)

1st line standard care

A

2 NRTI + 1 PI

70
Q

NNRTI

A

Delavirdine
Efavirenz
Efavirine
Nevirapine

71
Q

NNRTI that are teratogenic

A

Delavirdine

Efavirenz

72
Q

Frequent adverse effects of NNRTI

A

Rash (ulceration, SJS)

73
Q

1st NNRTI to be approved for treating HIV infection

A

Nevirapine

74
Q

Blood levels decreased by antacids, phenytoin and rifampin
Increased by azole antifungals and macrolides
Teratogenic

A

Delavirdine

75
Q

Has an adverse effect of nightmare and nausea

A

Efavirenz

76
Q

Blood level of delavirdine is increased by …

A

Azole, antifungal and macrolides

77
Q

Blood level of delavirdine is decreased by

A

Antacids, phenytoin and rifampin

78
Q

Enhance bioavailability by fatty foods
Metabolized by cytochrome p450
Teratogenic

A

Efavirenz

79
Q

Newest NNRTI

A

Efavirine

80
Q

For treatment-experienced HIV
Effective against HIV strains resistant to other drugs
Induced CYP3A4
Inhibits CYP2C9 and CYP2C19

A

Efavirine

81
Q

Efavirine inhibits ..

A

CYP2C9 and CYP2C19

82
Q

NNRTI that penetrates most tissue including CNS and placenta
Metabolized by CYP3A4
Effective in preventing HI vertical transmission

A

Nevirapine

Med Prep (52 decks)

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