psych glossary Flashcards
Thinking charac by the ability to grasp essentials as a whole, to break a whole into parts and discern its properties. To think symbolically.
Abstract thinking
A process by which a repressed mat’L, particularly painful experience or conflict, is brought back to consciousness; in this process, the person not only recalls, but also relives the repressed mat’L which is accompanied by affective responses
Abreaction
Reduced impulse to act and to think, asso with indifference about consequences of action
Abulia
Loss of ability to do calculations.
Not caused by anxiety or impairment of concentration.
Neurologic and learning d/o
Acalculia
Disordered speech in which statements are incorrectly formulated. May use by sounds, with inapp thought and expression
Acataphasia
Lack of feeling asso with an ordinarily charged subject.
Decathexis (detaching or transferring of emotion from thought)
In anxiety, dissociative, schizophrenic and bipolar)
Acathexis
Loss of sensation of physical existence
Acenesthesia
Fear of high places
Acrophobia
Behavioral response to an unconscious drive or impulse that brings about temporary partial relief of inner tension. Relief is attained by reaction in situation as if it were the situation that originally gave rise to the drive or impulse.
Acting out
Acting out is common in what personality d/o?
Borderline personality do
Nonsense speech asso with marked impairment of comprehension.
Mania, schizo and neurologic.
Aculalia
Inability to perform rapid alternating movements.
Neurologic and cerebellar lesion.
Adiadochokinesia
Weakness and fatigability, characteristics of neurasthenia and depression.
Adynamia
Excessive swallowing of air.
Aerophagia
Aerophagia is seen in what disorder?
Anxiety disorder.
External expression of inner emotional state.
Subjective and immediate emotion attached to ideas or mental representation of objects.
Affect
Lack or impairment of sense of taste.
Depression and neurologic.
Ageusia
Forceful, goal-directed action.
Motor counterpart of affect of rage, anger or hostility.
Aggression
Severe anxiety asso with motor restlessness
Agitation
Inability to comprehend sensation.
Agnosia
Fear of open places or leaving familiar setting of home.
Agoraphobia
Loss or impairment of ability to write.
Agraphia
Fear of cats
Ailurophobia
Subjective feeling of motor restlessness manifested by a compelling need to be in constant movement.
Seen as adverse effect of antipsychotic med.
Akathisia
Mistaken as physical agitation
Akathisia
Lack of physical movement
Akinesia
Absence of voluntary motor movement or speech in pt who is apparently alert.
Akinetic mutism
Loss of ability to read
Alexia
Learning disability syndrome with inability to read.
Unrelated to person’s intelligence.
Dyslexia
Inability or difficulty in describing or being aware of one’s emotions or moods
Alexithymia
Dread of pain
Algophobia
Inability to speak due to mental deficiency or dementia
Alogia
Coexistence of two opposing impulses towards the same thing in the same person at the same time.
Schizo, borderline, OCD
Ambivalence
Lack of ability to make gestures or to comprehend those made by others.
Amimia
Partial or total inability to recall past experiences.
Amnesia
Disturbed capacity to name previously known objects.
Also called anomic aphasia
Amnestic aphasia
Results from an absence of mothering.
Anaclitic
State in which one feels little or no pain
Analgesia
Repetitious or stereotyped behavior of thought usually used as a tension-relieving device.
Synonym for obsession. OC personality.
Anancasm
Combi of culturally determine male and female charac in one person.
Androgyny
Inability to recall names of objects.
Anomia
Lack of energy
Anergia
Loos of interest in pleasurable activities.
Anhedonia
Loss or decrease in appetite.
Anorexia
Appetite is preserved but the person refuses to eat.
Anorexia nervosa
Inability to recognize physical deficit in oneself
Anosognosia
Loss of memory for events subsequent to the onset of amnesia.
Anterograde amnesia
Loss of memory for events preceding the onset of amnesia.
Retrograde amnesia
Feeling of apprehension caused by anticipation of danger which may be internal or external
Anxiety
Dulled emotional tone asso with detachment or indifference.
Apathy
Inability to express and comprehend in language.
Aphasia
Loss of voice
Aphonia
Aphonia is seen in what disorder
Conversion disorder.
Awareness of the meaning and significance of a particular sensory stimuli modified by one’ sown experiences, knowledge, thoughts and emotions.
Apperception
Emotional tone in harmony with the accompanied idea, thought or speech
Appropriate affect.
Inability to perform a voluntary purposeful motor activity.
Apraxia
Patient can not draw two or three dimensional forms
Constructional apraxia
Inability to stand or walk in normal manner, even though normal leg movements can be performed in sitting or lying position.
Astasia abasia
Inability to identify familiar objects by touch
Astereognosis
Disorder in language where patient combines unconnected ideas and images.
Asyndesis
Lack of coordination, physical or mental.
Ataxia
Refers to loss of muscular coordination.
Ataxia
Lack of coordination between feelings and thoughts
Intrapsychic ataxia
Lack of muscle tone
Atonia
Concentration
Aspect of consciousness that relates the amount of effort exerted in focussing on certain aspects.
Attention
False perception of sound , usually voice but also other noises.
Auditory hallucination
Warning sensation.
Sensory prodrome that precedes a classic migraine headache
Aura
Thinking in which thoughts are largely narcissistic rather than egocentric, with emphasis on subjectivity rather than objectivity, without regard for reality.
Autistic thinking
Sum total of psyche that includes impulses, motivations, wishes, drives, instincts and cravings expressed by a person’s behavior or motor activity.
Behaviour
Also called as conation
Behavior
Feeling of grief or desolation, especially death or loss of loved one
Bereavement
False belief that is partly absurd or fantastic.
Bizarre delusion
Amnesia experienced by alcoholics about behavior during drinking bouts. Usually indicated reversible brain damage.
Blackout
Abrupt interruption in train if thinking before a thoughts or idea is finished.
Blocking
Blocking is also known as
Thought deprivation or increased thought latency
Severe reduction in the intensity if externalized feeling tone
Blunted affect
Slowness of motor activity with a decrease in normal spontaneous movement.
Bradykinesia
Abnormally slow speech
Bradylalia
Inability to read at normal speed
Bradylexia
Grinding or gnashing of the teeth, typically occurs during sleep
Bruxism
Sensation of discomfort or pressure in the head.
Carebaria
Condition in which persons ,ain’t aim the body position into which they are placed
Catalepsy
Waxy flexibility
Catalepsy
Cerea flexibilitas
Catalepsy
Temporary sudden loss of muscle tone , causing weakness and immobilization.
Cataplexy
Cataplexy commonly seen in
Narcolepsy
Excited, uncontrolled motor activity. Patients may suddenly erupt into an excited state and is often followed by sleep.
Catatonic excitement
Voluntary assumption of an inappropriate or bizarre posture, generally maintained for long periods of time.
Catatonic posturing
Fixed and sustained motor position that is resistant to change
Catatonic rigidity
Stupor in which patients ordinarily are well aware of their surroundings
Catatonic stupor
Conscious or unconscious investment of psychic energy in an idea, object, concept or person
Cathexis
Change in the normal quality of feeling tone in a part of the body
Cenesthesia
Headache
Cephalagia
Condi of a person who can be molded into a position that is then maintained, when an examiner moves the person’s limb, the limb feels as if it were made of wax
Cerea flexibilitas
Movement disorder charac by random and invol quick, jerky, purposeless movements
Chorea
Chorea is seen in what disease?
Huntington’s disease
Disturbance in the associative thought and speech processes in which patient digresses into unnecessary details and inappropriate thought before reaching the central idea.
Circumstantiality
Association or soeech directed by the sound of word rather than by its meaning. Punning and rhyming.
Clang association
Fear of closed or confining space.
Claustrophobia
An involuntary, violent muscular contraction or spasm in which the muscles alternately contract and relax
Clonic convulsion
Characteristic phase in grand mal epileptic seizure
Clonic convulsion
Any disturbance of consciousness in which the person is not fully awake, alert and oriented.
Clouding of consciousness
Disturbance of fluency involving an abnormally rapid rate and erratic rhythm of speech that impedes intelligibility. Usually unaware of communicative impairment.
Cluttering
Mental process of knowing and becoming aware. Function is closely asso with judgment.
Cognition
State of profound unconsciousness from which a person cannot be roused, with minimal or no detectable responsiveness of stimuli.
Coma
Coma in which a pt appears to be asleep, but can be aroused.
Coma vigil
Akinetic mutism
Coma vigil
Condition associated with catalepsy in which suggestions are followed automatically
Command automatism
false perception of orders that a person may feel obliged to obey or unable to resist
Command hallucination
A feeling-toned idea
Complex
Seizure charac by alterations in consciousness that may be accom by complex hallucination or illusion. During the seizure, a state of impaired consciousness resembling a dreamlike state may occur, an the pat may exhibit repetitive, automatic or semi purposeful behavior.
Complex partial seizure
Pathological need to Act on impulse that, if resisted, may cause anxiety.
Compulsion
The part of a person’s mental life concerned with cravings, striving motivations, drives and wishes as expressed through behavior or motors activity.
Conation
Thinking characterized by actual things, events and immediate experience, rather than by abstractions. Inability to generalize.
Concrete thinking
Mental process in which one symbol a stands for a number of components.
Condensation
Unconscious filling of gaps in memory by imagining experiences or events that have no basis in fact.
Confabulation
Disturbance of memory in which reality and fantasy are confused.
Paramnesia
Disturbance of consciousness manifested by a disordered orientation in relation to time, place and person
Confusion
State of awareness with response to external stimuli
Consciousness
Inability to defecate. Difficulty in defecating.
Constipation
Reduction in intensity of feeling tone that is least sever that that of blunted.
Constricted affect
Inability to copy a drawing
Constructional apraxia
The development of symbolic physical symptoms and distortions involving the vol muscles or special sense organs.
Conversion phenomena
Invol violent muscular contraction and spasm
Convulsion
Convulsion in which muscle contraction is sustained.
Tonic convulsion
Invol use of vulgar or obscene language
Coprolalia
Coprolalia is commonly observed in
Schizo
Tourette’s syndrome
Eating of filth or feces
Coprophagia
Private written language
Cryptographia
Private spoken language
Cryptolalia
Paralysis of the muscle of accommodation in the eye
Cycloplegia
Deterioration of psychic functioning caused by a breakdown of defense mechanism
Decompensation
Illusion that what one is hearing has heard previously.
Déjà entendu
Condition in which a thought never entertained before is incorrectly regarded as a repetition of a previous thought.
Deja pense
Illusion of visual recognition in which a new situation is incorrectly regarded a a repetition of previous experience
Deja vu
Acute reversible mental disorder characterized by confusion or some impairment of consciousness.
Delirium
Acute and sometime fatal reaction to withdrawal from alcohol, usually occurring 72-96hrs after that cessation of heavy drinking.
Delirium tremens
Distinctive characteristics of delirium tremens
Marked autonomic hyperactivity (tachycardia, fever, hyperhidrosis, dilated pupils)
Tremolousness
Hallucinations, illusions and delusions
False belief based on incorrect inference about external reality. That is firmly held despite objective and obvious contradictory proof or evidence and despite that fact that other members of culture do not share the belief.
Delusion
False belief that a person’s will, thought and feelings are being controlled by external forces.
Delusion of control
Exaggerated conception of one’s importance, power and identity
Delusion of grandeur
False belief that one’s lover is unfaithful
Delusion of infidelity
Pathological jealousy
Delusion of infidelity
False belief of being harassed or persecuted.
Delusion of persecution
Most common delusion
Delusion of persecution
False belief that one is bereft or will be deprived of all material possessions.
Delusion of poverty
False belief that he behavior of other refers to oneself or that events, objects, or other people or have a particular or unusual significance.
Delusion of reference
False feeling of remorse and guilt.
Delusion of self-accusation
Mental disorder characterized by general impairment of intellectual functioning without clouding of consciousness
Dementia
Defense mechanism in which the existence of unpleasant realities is disavowed.
Denial
Sensation of unreality concerning oneself, parts of oneself, or one’s environment that occurs under stress or fatigue.
Depersonalization
Mental state characterized by feeling of sadness, loneliness, despair, low self esteem and self reproach
Depression
Gradual or sudden deviation of train of thought without blocking
Derailment / loosening of association
Sensation of changed reality or that one’s surroundings have altered.
Derealization
Mental activity that follows a totally subjective and idiosyncratic system of logic and fails to take the facts of reality and experience into consideration.
Dereism
Characterized by distant interpersonal relationships and lack of emotional involvement
Detachment
Defense mechanism in which a person attributes excessively negative qualities to self or others.
Devaluation
Decreased sexual interest and drive
Diminished libido
Compulsion to drink alcoholic beverages
Dipsomania
Removal of inhibitory effect, as in reduction of the inhibitory func of cerebral cortex by alcohol
Disinhibition
A greater freedom to act in accordance with inner drives or feelings and with less regard for restraints dictated by cultural norms or one’s superego
Disinhibition
Confusion
Impairment of awareness of time, place and person
Disorientation
Unconscious defense mechanisms by which the emotional component of an unacceptable idea is transferred to a more acceptable one
Displacement
Unconscious defense mechanism involving the segregation of any group of mental or behavioral process from the rest of the person’s psychic activity
Dissociation
Inability to focus one’s attention. The patient does not respond to task at hand but attends to irrelevant phenomena in the environment
Distractibility
Massive or pervasive anxiety
Dread
Altered state of consciousness, Likened to a dream situation, which develops suddenly and usually lasts a few minutes
Dreamy state
Dreamy state is commonly associated with
Temporal lobe lesion
State of impaired awareness associated with a desire or inclination to sleep
Drowsiness
Difficulty of articulation, the motor activity of shaping phonated sounds into speech, not in word finding or grammar.
Dysarthria
Difficulty of performing calculations
Dyscalculia
Impaired sense of taste
Dysgeusia
Difficulty in writing
Dysgraphia
Difficulty of performing movements
Dyskinesia
Faulty articulation caused by structural abnormalities of the articulate organs or impaired hearing
Dyslalia
Specific learning disability syndrome involving impairments of previously acquired ability to read. Unrelated to person’s intelligence.
Dyslexia
Impaired ability to gauge distance relative to movements
Dysmetria
Impaired memory
Dysmnesia
Physical pain in sexual intercourse
Dyspareunia
Difficulty in swallowing
Dysphagia
Difficulty in comprehending oral language or expressing in verbal language
Dysphasia
Difficulty or pain in speaking
Dysphonia
Feeling of unpleasantness or discomfort. A mood of general dissatisfaction and restlessness
Dysphoria
Loss of normal speech melody
Dysprosody
Extra pyramidal motor disturbance consisting of slow, sustained contractions of the Axial or appendicular musculature. One movement often predominates leading to relatively sustained postural deviation
Dystonia
Psychopathological repeating of words or phrases of one person by another
Echolalia
Denoting aspects of a person’s personality that are viewed as repugnant, unacceptable or inconsistent with the rest of the personality.
Ego-alien
Ego dystonic
Ego-alien
Denoting aspects of a person’s personality that are viewed as acceptable, or consistent with that person’s total personality.
Ego-syntonic
Self centered. Selfishly preoccupied with one’s own needs. Lacking interest in others.
Egocentric
Morbid self-preoccupation or self-centeredness
Egomania
Unusually vivid or exact mental image of objects previously seen or imaged.
Eidetic image
Mood consisting of feelings of joy, euphoria, triumph and intense self-satisfaction or optimism
Elation
Air of confidence and enjoyment. A mood more cheerful than normal but not necessarily pathological
Elevated mood
Complex feeling state with psychic, somatic and behavioral components.
Emotion
A level of understanding of awareness that one has emotional problems. It facilitates positive changes in personality and behavior when present.
Emotional insight
Excessive emotional responsiveness characterized by unstable and rapidly changing emotion
Emotional lability
Invol passage of feces at night or during sleep
Encopresis
Incontinence of urine during sleep
Enuresis
Delusional belief, more common in women than in men, that someone is deeply in love with them
Erotomania
De clerambault syndrome
Erotomania
Abnormal fear of blushing
Erythrophobia
Exaggerated feeling of well-being that is inappropriate to real events
Euphoria
Normal range if mood, implying absence of depressed or elevated mood
Euthymia
Act of not facing up to, or strategically eluding something. Consist of suppressing an idea that is next in thought series and replacing it with another idea closely related to it.
Evasion
Feeling of intense elation and grandeur
Exaltation
Agitated, purposeless motor activity un influenced by external stimuli
Excited
Expression of feelings without restraint, frequently with an overestimation of their significance.
Expansive mood
Disturbance of speech in which understanding remains, but the ability to speak is impaired.
Expressive aphasia
Broca’s aphasia
Expressive aphasia
Difficulty in expressing verbal language but the ability to understand is intact.
Expressive dysphasia
More general term than projection that refers to the tendency to perceive in the external world and in external objects elements of one’s own personality
Externalizations
State of one’s energies being directed outside oneself.
Extroversion
A person’s recollection and belief of event that did not actually occur.
False memory
Daydream.
Fabricated mental picture of a situation or chain of events. A normal form of thinking dominated by unconscious material that seeks wish fulfillment and solns to conflicts.
Fantasy
A feeling of weariness, sleepiness or irritability after a period of mental or bodily activity.
Fatigue
False recognition, a feature of paramnesia
Fausse reconnaissance
Unpleasurable emotional state consisting of psychophysiological changes in response to a realistic threat or danger.
Fear
Absence or near absence of any signs of affective expression
Flat affect
Rapid succession of fragmentary thoughts or speech in which content chances abruptly and speech may be incoherent.
Flight of ideas
Aimless plucking or picking, usually at bedclothes or clothing.
Floccillation
Aphasia characterized by inability to understand the spoken word but fluent and incoherent speech is present.
Fluent aphasia
Receptive aphasia
Fluent aphasia
Wernicke’s sensory aphasia
Fluent aphasia
Mental illness shared by 2 person
Folie a deux
Mental illness shared by 3 person
Folie a trios
Disturbance in the form rather than the content of thought. Thinking characterized by loosened associations, neologisms and illogical constructs. Thought process is disordered.
Formal thought disturbance
Tactile hallucination involving the sensation that tiny insects are crawling over the skin.
Formication
Severe, pervasive, generalized anxiety that is not attached to any particular idea, object or event.
Free-floating anxiety
Dissociative disorder characterized by a period of almost complete amnesia, during which a person actually flees from an immediate life situation and begins a different life pattern
Fugue
Abnormal discharge of milk from the breast.
Galactorrhea
Generalized onset of tonic-clonic movements of the limbs, tongue-biting and incontinence ff by slow gradual recovery of consciousness and cognition.
Grand mal
Combination of grossly non fluent aphasia and severe fluent aphasia
Global aphasia
Unintelligible margin that has meaning to the speaker but not to the listener
Glossolalia
Exaggerated feelings of one’s importance, power, knowledge or identity
Grandiosity
Alteration in mood and affect consisting of sadness appropriate to a real loss.
Grief
Emotional state associated with self reproach and need for punishment.
Guilt
Refers to a feeling of culpability that stems from a conflict between ego and superego.
Guilt
Female-like development of male breasts
Gynecomastia
False sensory perception occurring in the absence of any relevant external stimulation
Hallucination
State in which a person experiences hallucinations without any impairment of consciousness
Hallucinosis
Hallucination of touch
Haptic hallucination
Hallucination of taste
Gustatory hallucination
Complex of symptoms characterized by wild or silly behavior or mannerism, inappropriate affect and delusions and hallucinations that are transient and unsystematized.
Hebephrenia
Disorganized schizophrenia
Hebephrenic schizophrenia
Using a single word to express a combination of ideas
Holophrastic
Increased muscular activity. ADHD
Hyperactivity
Excessive sensitivity to pain
Hyperalgesia
Increased sensitivity to tactile stimulation.
Hyperesthesia
Exaggerated degree of retention and recall. It can be elicited by hypnosis and may be seen in prodigies.
Hypermnesia
Increased appetite and intake of food
Hyperphagia
Excessive thinking and mental activity
Hyperpragia
Excessive time spent asleep
Hypersomnia
Excessive breathing which can reduce blood CO2 conc and can produce lightheadedness, palpitations, numbness, tingling periorally and in the extremities
Hyperventilation
Excessive attention to, and focus on, all internal and external stimuli
Hypervigilance
Diminished sensitivity to tactile stimulation.
Hypesthesia
Hallucination occurring while falling asleep, not ordinarily considered pathological
Hypnagogic hallucination
Hallucination occurring while awakening from sleep, not ordinarily considered pathological
Hypnopompic hallucination
Artificially induced alteration of consciousness characterized by increased suggestibility and receptivity to direction.
Hypnosis
Decreased Motor and cognitive activity. Slowing of thought, speech and movements
Hypoactivity
Hypokinesis
Hypoactivity
Exaggerated concern about health that is based not on real medical pathology but on the unrealistic interpretation of physical signs or sensations as abnormal
Hypochondria
Mood abnormality with the quality characteristics of mania, but somewhat less intense
Hypomania
Misinterpretation of incidents and events in the outside world as having direct personal reference to oneself.
Idea of reference
Thinking containing erroneous conclusions or internal contraindications.
Illogical thinking
Perceptual misinterpretation of a real external stimuli
Illusion
Reproduction, recognition or recall of perceived material within seconds after presentation
Immediate memory
Diminished ability to understand a situation correctly and to act appropriately.
Impaired judgment
Diminished ability to understand the objective reality of a situation
Impaired insight
Ability to resist an impulse, drive or temptation to perform some action
Impulse control
Emotional tone out of harmony with the idea, thought or speech accompanying it
Inappropriate affect
Communication that is disconnected, disorganized or incomprehensible
Incoherence
Primitive unconscious defense mechanism in which the psychic representation of another person are assimilated into oneself thru a figurative process of symbolic oral ingestion.
Represents a special form of introspection and is earliest mechanism of identification.
Incorporation
Increase sexual interest and drive
Increased libido
Ecstatic state in which persons insist that their experience is inexpressible and indescribable and that it is impossible to convey what it is like to one who has never experienced it.
Ineffability
Falling sleep with difficulty.
Initial insomnia
Waking up after falling asleep without difficulty and then difficulty in falling asleep again
Middle insomnia
Early morning awakening or waking up at least 2 hrs before planning to wake up
Terminal insomnia
Conscious recognition of one’s own condition.
Insight
Conscious awareness and understanding of one’s own psychodynamics and symptoms of mal adaptive behaviour
Insight
Difficulty of falling asleep or difficulty in staying asleep
Insomnia
Knowledge of the reality of a situation without the ability to use that knowledge successfully to affect an adaptive change in behaviour or to master the situation.
Intellectual insight
Capacity for learning and ability to recall, integrate constructively and apply what one has learned.
Capacity to understand and to think rationally.
Intelligence
Mental disorder caused by recent ingestion or presence on the body of an exogenous subs producing mal adaptive behavior by virtue of its effects on the cns
Intoxication
Turning anger inward towards oneself
Intropunitive
Contemplating one’s own mental processes to achieve insight
Introspection
State in which a person’s energies are directed inward toward the self, with little or no interest in the external world
Introversion
Answer that is not responsive to the question
Irrelevant answer
Abnormal or excessive excitability, with easily triggered anger, annoyance or impatience.
Irritability
State in which one is easily annoyed and provoked to anger
Irritable mood
Paramnestic phenomenon characterized by a false feeling of unfamiliarity with a real situation that one has previously experienced.
Jamais vu
Aphasia in which the words produced are neologistic; that is nonsense words created by the patient
Jargon aphasia
Mental act comparing or evaluating choices within the framework of a given set of values for the purpose if electing a course of action.
Judgment
Pathological compulsion to steal
Kleptomania
Inappropriate attitude to calm or lack of concern about one’s disability
Le belle indifference
Affective expression characterized by rapid and abrupt changes
Labile affect
Oscillations in mood between euphoria and depression or anxiety
Labile mood
Condition characterized by a reduction in the quantity of spontaneous speech; replies to questions are brief and Unelaborated and little or unprompted additional info is provided
Laconic speech
Momentary forgetting of a name or proper noun
Lethologica
Visual sensation that persons or objects are reduced in size
Lilliputian hallucination
Partial loss of memory. Amnesia restricted to specific or isolated experiences
Localized amnesia
Lacunar amnesia, patch amnesia
Localized amnesia
Copious, pressured, coherent speech; uncontrollable, excessive talking
Logorrhea
Reproduction, recognition or recall of experiences or info that was experienced in distant past
Long term memory
False perception that objects are larger than they really are.
Macropsia
A form of dereistic thinking.
Thinking similar to that of the preoperational phase in children in which thoughts, words, or actions assume power
Magical thinking
Feigning disease to achieve specific goal
Malingering
Mood state characterized by elation, agitation, hyperactivity, hype sexuality and accelerated thinking and speaking
Mania
Maneuvering by patients to get their own way
Manipulation
Manipulation is characteristic of what personality disorder
Antisocial disorder
Ingrained, habitual involuntary movement
Mannerism
Severe depressive state.
Melancholia
Process whereby what is experienced or learned is established as record in the cns (registration), where it persists with a variable degree of permanence (retention) and can be recollected or retrieved from storage at will (recall)
Memory
Psychiatric illness or disease while manifestation are primarily characterized by behavioral or psychological impairment of function
Mental disorder
Sub average general intellectual functioning that originates in the development period and is associated with impaired maturation and learning and social maladjustment.
Mental retardation
Mild IQ
Between 50 and 55 to 70
Moderate IQ
Between 35 and 40 to between 50 and 55
Severe IQ
Between 20 and 25 to between 35 and 40
Profound IQ
Below 20 and 25
Speech disturbance common in schizo in which the affected person uses a word or phrase that is related to proper one but is not the one ordinarily used.
Metonymy
Condition in which the head is unusually small as a result of defective brain development and premature ossification of the skull
Microcephaly
False perception that objects are smaller that they really are.
Micropsia
Lilliputian hallucination
Micropsia
Simple imitative motion activity of childhood
Mimicry
Mental state characterized by preoccupation of one subject
Monomania
Pervasive sustained feeling tone that is experienced internally and at, in the extreme can markedly influence virtually all aspects of a person’s behavior and perception of the world.
Mood
Delusion with content that is mood appropriate
Mood-congruent delusion
Hallucination with content that is consistent with a depressed or manic mood
Mood-congruent hallucination
Delusion based on incorrect reference about external reality with content that has no association to mood or is mood inappropriate
Mood-incongruent delusion
Hallucination not associated with real external stimuli with content that is not consistent with the depressed or manic mood
Mood-incongruent hallucination
Oscillations of a person’s feeling tone between periods of elation and depression
Mood swings
Aphasia in which understanding is intact, but tha e ability to speak is lost.
Motor aphasia
Syndrome ff loss of loved one, consisting of preoccupation with the lost individual, weeping, sadness and repeated reliving of memories.
Mourning
State in which the muscle remain immovable
Muscle rigidity
Organic or functional absence of the faculty of speech
Mutism
The early infantile phase of object relationship development, when the child has not differentiated the self from the outside world, and all sources of pleasure are unrealistically recognized as coming form within self.
Primary narcissism
When the libido, once attached to external love objects, is redirected back to the self.
Secondary narcissism
Persistent interest , pathological fear of receiving injection.
Needle phobia
Negative signs
Flat affect, a logia, abulia, apathy
Verbal or nonverbal opposition or resistance to outside suggestions and advice.
Negativism
New word or phrase whose derivation cannot be understood. It has also been used to mean a word that has been incorrectly constructed but whose origins are nonetheless understandable.
Neologisms
Loss of ability to comprehend sounds or speech
Auditory amnesia
Loss of ability to judge the shape of objects by touch
Tactile amnesia
Loss of ability to remember words.
Verbal amnesia
Loss of ability to recall or to recognize familiar objects it printed words
Visual amnesia
Delusion of the non existence of the self or part of the self.
Nihilism
Refers to an attitude of total rejection of established values or extreme skepticism regarding moral and value judgment.
Nihilism
Depressive delusion that the world and everything related to it have ceased to exist
Nihilistic delusion.
Revelation In which immense illumination occurs in association with a sense that has been chosen to lead and command.
Noeisis
Aphasia characterized by difficulty in giving correct name of an objects.
Nominal aphasia
Abnormal, excessive and insatiable desire in a woman for sexual intercourse
Nymphomania
Morbid, insatiable sexual need or desire in a man
Satyriasis
Persistent and recurrent idea, thought or impulse that cannot be eliminated from the consciousness by Logic or reasoning.
Obsession
Hallucination primarily involving smell or odors
Olfactory hallucination
State of awareness if oneself and one’s surroundings in terms of time,place and person
Orientation
Abnormality in motor behavior that fan manifest as psychomotor agitation, hyperactivity, tics, sleepwalking or compulsion
Overactivity
False or unreasonable belief that is sustained beyond the bounds of reason. It is held with less intensity or duration than delusion but is usually associated with mental illness
Overvalued idea
Acute, intense attack of anxiety associated with personality disorganization a, the anxiety is overwhelming and accompanied by feelings of impending doom
Panic
Overwhelming fear of everything
Pamphobia
Gesticulation, psychodrama without the use of words
Pantomime
Disturbance of memory in which reality and fantasy are confused.
Paramnesia
Rare psychiatric syndrome marked by the gradual development of a highly elaborate and complex delusional system, generally involving persecutory or grandiose delusions
Paranoia
Includes persecutory delusions of reference, control and grandeur
Paranoid delusion.
Thinking dominated by suspicious persecutory or grandiose content if less than delusional proportions
Paranoid ideation
Abnormal speech in which one word is substituted for another the irrelevant word generally resembling the required one in morphology, meaning or phonetic composition.
Paraphasia
Faulty act, such as slip of the tongue or the mid placement of an article.
Parapraxia
Weakness or partial paralysis of organic origin
Paresis
Abnormal spontaneous tactile sensation, such as burning, tingling to pins-and-needles sensation.
Paresthesia
Conscious awareness of elements in the environment by the mental processing of sensory stimuli.
Perception
Pathological repetition of the same response to different stimuli, as in repetition of the same verbal response to different questions.
Perseveretion
Persistent repetition of specific words or concepts in the process of speaking
Perseveration
False sensation than an extremity that has been lost is present
Phantom limb
Persistent, pathologically in realistic, intense fear of an object or situation
Phobia
Craving and eating non food subs
Pica
Pathological overeating
Polyphagia
Positive signs in schizo
Hallucination
Delusion
Thought d/o
Strange, fixed and bizarre bodily positions held by a patient got an extended time
Posturing
Speech that is adequate in amt, but conveys little info because of vagueness, emptiness or stereotyped phrases.
Poverty of speech content
Restriction in the amt of speech used, replies may be non syllabic.
Poverty of speech
Centering thought content in a particular idea, associated with a strong affective tone
Preoccupation of thought
Increase in amt of spontaneous soeech; rapid, loud, accelerated speech
Pressured speech
Mental activity directly related to the functions of the id and characteristic of unconscious mental processes. Marked by primitive, prelogical thinking and by tendency to seek immediate discharge and gratification of instinctual commands.
Primary process thinking
Unconscious defense mechanism in which persons attribute to another those generally unconscious ideas, thoughts, feeling and impulses that are in themselves undesirable or unacceptable as a form of protection from anxiety arising firman inner conflict
Projection
Inability to recognize familiar faces that is not caused by impaired visual acuity or level of consciousness.
Prosopagnosia
Rare condition in which a no pregnant pt has the signs and symptoms of pregnancy
Pseudocyesis
Dementia-like disorder that can be reversed by appropriate treatment and is not caused by organic brain disease
Pesudodementia
Condition in which pt shows exaggerated indifference to their surrounding in the absence of mental disorder
Pseudodementia
Disorder characterized by uncontrollable lying in which pts elaborate extensive fantasies that they communicate and act on
Pseudologia phantastica
Physical and mental overactivity that is usually nonproductive and is associated with a feeling of inner turmoil
Psychomotor agitation
Mental disorder in which the thoughts, affective response, ability to recognize reality and the ability to communicate and relate the others are sufficiently impaired to interfere grossly with the capacity to deal with reality.
Psychosis
An unconscious defense mechanism in which irrational or unacceptable behavior, motives it feelings are logically justified or made consciously tolerable by plausible means.
Rationalization
Unconscious defense mechanism in which a person develops a socialized attitude or interest that is direct antithesis of some infantile wish or impulse that is harbored consciously or unconsciously
Reaction formation
One of the earliest and most unstable defense mechanism, closely related to repression (both are defenses against impulses or urges that are unacceptable to the ego)
Reaction formation
Fundamental ego function that consists of tentative actions that test and objectively evaluate the nature and limits of environment, includes the ability to differentiate between internal and external world and accurately judge the relation between self and environment
Reality testing
Process by bringing stored memories into consciousness
Recall
Recall events over past few days
Recent Memory
Recall events over past few months
Recent past memory
Organic loss of ability to comprehend the meaning of words. Fluid and spontaneous, but incoherent and nonsensical speech.
Receptive aphasia
Difficulty in comprehending oral language. Impairment involves comprehension and production of language.
Receptive dysphasia
Unconscious defense mechanism in which a person undergoes a partial or total return to earlier patterns of adaptation.
Regression
Recall events from distant past
Remote memory
Freud’s term for an unconscious defense mechanism in which unacceptable mental contents are banished or kept out of consciousness
Repression
Type of repression in which the repressed material was once in the conscious domain.
Repression proper
Type of repression in which the repressed material was never in the conscious realm
Primal repression
Conscious act of controlling or inhibiting an unacceptable impulse, emotion or idea.
Suppression
Reduction in intensity of feeling tone, which is less Severre than in blunted but clearly reduced.
Restricted affect
Loss of memory for events preceding the onset of amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
Memory becomes unintentionally distorted by being filtered thru a person’s present emotional, cognitive and experiential state.
Retrospective falsification
A person’s resistance to change, a personality trait.
Rigidity.
Formalized activity practiced by a person to reduce anxiety
Ritual
Ceremonial activity of cultural origin
Ritual
Constant preoccupation with thinking about a single idea or theme
Rumination
A figurative blind spot Ina person’s psychological awareness
Scotoma
Localized visual field defect
Scotoma
The form of thinking is logical, organized, reality oriented and influenced by the demands of the environment, characterizes the mental activity of the ego.
Secondary process of thinking
An attack or sudden onset of certain symptoms, such as convulsions, loss of consciousness and psychic or sensory disturbances
Seizure
Hypothetical sensory center in the brain that is involved with clarity of awareness about oneself and one’s surrounding,including the ability to perceive and to process ongoing events in light of past experiences, future options and current circumstances.
Sensorium
Fluent and Wernicke’s aphasia
Receptive aphasia
Neurological sign operationally defined as failure to report one of two simultaneously presented sensory stimuli, despite that either stimulus alone is correctly reported.
Sensory extinction
Sensory inattention
Sensory extinction
Failure to live up to self-expectation. Often associated with fantasy of how person will be seen by other.
Shame
Reproduction, recognition or recall perceived material within minutes after the initial presentation
Short term memory
Impairment in the perception or integration of visual stimuli appearing simultaneously
Simultanagnosia
Delusion pertaining to the functioning of one’s body
Somatic delusion
Hallucination involving the perception of a physical experience localized within the body
Somatic hallucination
inability to recognize a part of one’s body as one’s own
Somatopagnosia
Ignorance of the body.
Somatopagnosia
Autotopagnosia
Somatopagnosia
Pathological sleepiness or drowsiness from which one can be aroused to a normal state of consciousness
Somnolence
Inability to recognize spatial relations
Spatial agnosia
Expression of a revelatory message thru unintelligible words. Not considered a disorder of thought if asso with practices of specific Pentecostal religions
Speaking in tongues
Continuous mechanical repetition if speech or physical activities.
Stereotypy
State of decreased reactivity to stimuli and less than full awareness of one’s surroundings. An a disturbance of consciousness, it indicates a condition of partial coma or semicoma
Stupor
Frequent repetition or prolongation of a sound or syllable, leading to markedly impaired speech fluency.
Stuttering
Unconscious defense mechanism in which the energy associated with unacceptable impulses or drives is diverted into personally and socially acceptable channels.
Sublimation
Unconscious defense mechanism in which a person replaces an unacceptable wish, drive, emotion or goal with one that is acceptable.
Substitution
State of uncritical compliance with influence or of uncritical acceptance of an idea, belief or attitude.
Suggestibility
Thought or act of taking one’s own life
Suicidal ideation
Unconscious defense mechanism in which one idea or object comes stand for another because of some common aspect or quality in both.
Symbolization
Condition in which the stimulation of one sensory modality is perceived as sensation in a different modality, as when sound produces a sensation of color.
Synesthesia
Aphasia characterized by difficulty in understanding spoken speech.
Syntactical aphasia
Group of elaborate delusions related to a single event or theme
Systematized delusion
Hallucination primarily involving sense of touch
Tactile hallucination
Haptic hallucination
Tactile hallucination
Oblique, digression or even irrelevant manner of speech in which the central idea is not communicated.
Tangentiality
Physiological or psychic arousal, uneasiness or pressure toward action. An unpleasurable alteration in mental or physical state that seeks relief thru action.
Tension
Feeling that one’s thoughts are being broadcast or projected into the environment
Thought broadcasting
Any disturbance of thinking that affects language, communication or thought content
Thought disorder
Delusion tha thoughts are being implanted in one’s mind by other people or forces
Thought insertion
The period of time between a thought and its verbal expression
Thought latency
Delusion that one’s thoughts are being removed from one’s mind by other people or forces.
Thought withdrawal
Predominantly psychogenic disorders characterized by involuntary spasmodic, stereotyped movement of small groups of muscles.
Tic disorder
Noises in one or both ears, such as ringing, buzzing or clicking
Tinnitus
Convulsion in which the muscle contraction is sustained.
Tonic convulsion
Perceptual abnormality asso with hallucinogenic drugs in which moving objects are seen as a series of discrete discontinuous image.
Trailing phenomenon
Sleep-like state of reduced consciousness and activity.
Trance
Rhythmical alteration of movements, which is usually faster that one beat a second.
Tremor
Understanding of the objective reality of a situation coupled with the motivational and emotional impetus to master the situation or change behavior
True insight
Disturbed consciousness with hallucination
Twilight state
Sign present in autistic children who continually rotate In The direction in which their head is turned.
Twirling
One of the 3 divisions of freuds topographic theory of the mind in which the psychic material is not readily accessible to conscious awareness by ordinary means
Unconscious
Unconscious primitive defend mechanism, repetitive in nature by which a person symbolically acts out in reverse something unacceptable that has already been done or against which the ego must defend itself.
Undoing
Feeling of mystic unity with an infinite power
Union mystica
In depression, denoting characteristic symptoms such as sleep disturbance, decreased appetite, constipation, weight loss and loss of sexual response
Vegetative signs
Meaningless and stereotyped repetition of words or phrases.
Verbigeration
Cataphasia
Verbigeration
Sensation that one or the world around one is spinning or revolving.
Vertigo
Hallmark of vestibular dysfunction.
Vertigo
Inability to recognize objects or persons
Visual agnosia
Hallucination primarily involving sense of sight
Visual hallucination
Use of conventional words in an unconventional or inappropriate way (eg hand shoes for gloves or time measure for clock)
Word approximation
Incoherent, essentially incomprehensible mixture of words and phrases commonly seen in far advanced cases of schizo
Word salad
Abnormal fear of strangers
Xenophobia
Abnormal fear of animal
Zoophobia
