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ophtha - cornea, sclera Flashcards

0
Q

5 layers of cornea

A
  1. Epith - 5 cells thick
  2. Bowman’ mem
  3. Stroma / substantia propria - 90% collagen; 5% cells and mucopolysaccharide
  4. Descemet’s mem
  5. Endothelium - for corneal hydration
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1
Q

Clear transparent ocular medium of the eye which is anterior portion of external coat of eye

A

Cornea

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2
Q

Cornea is rich in _____ this pain is the most common symptom

A

Sensory nerve supply

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3
Q

Cornea is a vascular thus dependent on ___ for nutrition

A

Air, tears and aqueous humor

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4
Q

Embryological origin of corneal epithelium

A

Surface ectoderm

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5
Q

Embryological origin of stroma and endothelium

A

Para-axial mesoderm

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6
Q

Derived from corneal subs appearing at end of 5th month

A

Bowman’s capsule

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7
Q

Derived from endothelium

A

Descement’s capsule

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8
Q

Sign of active corneal inflammation

A

Cellular infiltration of stroma
Edema
Neovascularization
Necrosis

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9
Q

Organisms that cause focal central inflammation of cornea

A

Herpes simplex
Hypes zoster
Bacteria
Fungi

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10
Q

Org that cause diffused inflammation of cornea

A

Adenovirus
Vaccinia
Chlamydia

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11
Q

Most common agent in bacterial corneal ulcer abroad

A

Pneumococcus (most common)
Poor axels
P. Aeruginosa

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12
Q

Most common agent in bacterial corneal ulcer in Philippines

A

P. Aeruginosa (most common)
Staph aureus
D. Pneumonia

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13
Q

Corneal ulcer may end up

A

Heal without scarring
Penetrate into stroma
Penetrate deeply to expose descemet’s mem
Perforate - Panophthalmitis

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14
Q

Viral keratitis is most common due to what virus

A

Herpes simplex

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15
Q

Gives rise to superficial ulcer forming branch-like extension (dendritic ulcer) when stained with Fluoroscein

A

Viral keratitis

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16
Q

With history of trauma with vegeteble matter

A

Fungal keratitis

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17
Q

Org that cause fungal keratitis

A

Fusarium
Aspergillus
Mycelia sterila

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18
Q

Appears as white or gray-white elevated hard ulcer with dot like satellite opacities

A

Fungal keratitis

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19
Q

Coin like corneal opacities common in farmers and agricultural workers

A

Padi keratitis

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20
Q

Padi keratitis is caused by

A

Virus

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21
Q

Superficial punctuate keratitis (SPK) is caused by what virus

A 
Adenovirus
Inclusion Cytomegalic virus
Measles
Mumps 
Trachoma
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22
Q

Multiple minute epith erosion which stains with Fluoroscein

23
Q

Characterized with presence of vesicles or bless accompanied by foreign body sensation and pain

A

Bullous keratopathy

24
The scarring process on corneal opacities is due to
Collagen formation (which contracts as it matures)
25
Classif, of corneal scared as to density: | Faint cloud like seen with oblique illum
Nebula
26
Classif, of corneal scared as to density: | Large enough to be seen as gray spot
Macula
27
Classif, of corneal scared as to density: | Dense and white scar
Leukoma
28
When iris become S attached to scar tissue resulting to visual disturbance becoz of diffusion if light and irreg refraction esp located within optical centre of cornea
Adherent leukoma
29
Charac by bulging cicatricix of cornea as a result of perforation and iris becomes adherent to back surface if cornea
Corneal staphyloma
30
Corneal staphyloma has no recoverable vision and is painful
True
31
Final outcome of severe inflammation in corneal opacity asso with measles
Blindness
32
Central corneal opacity which gradually tapers towards periphery. Opacity starts Posteriorly and drags ally involve more anterior layers. Asso with consumption of black rice.
Mindoro corneal opacity
33
Microcornea
<10mm
34
Megalocornea
>13.5
35
Opaque ring within cornea scleral junction charac by lipid deposits demonstrating fat stain
Arcus senilis
36
Calcific degeneration of bowman's mem. A sequela. Of uveitis, keratitis and long standing glaucoma
Band keratopathy
37
Treatment for band keratopathy
O.4-1.8% Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) as cheating agent ff by scrapping of Ca deposits
38
Small excrescences in periphery of descemet's mem.
Hassan Henle bodies
39
If Hassan Henle bodies changes centrally
So renal gluttata
40
Progressive disease of cornea starting at periphery and progresses centrally
Mooren's ulcer
41
Marginal opacification of some superficial peripheral vascularization ff by loss of corneal subs
Senile marginal degeneration (terrien ulcer, gutter degeneration)
42
Bilateral, begins as endothelial degeneration ff by stromal and epithelial edema and appearance of bulbar.
Endothelial (fuch's) dystrophy
43
Hereditary bilateral corneal lesion showing hyaline like deposits in stroma
Familia dystrophy
44
Non inflammatory protrusion if center of cornea due to gradual thinning of apex
Keratoclonus
45
Lower lid bulges when pt looks down
Munson's sign
46
Thinning of apex
Corneal hydrops
47
Softening of cornea
Keratomalacia
48
Most common malnutrition blindness in India
Kereatomalacia
49
Replacement of partial or full thickness of diseased cornea with donor tissue
Keratoplasty
50
Indications for keratoplasty
Improvement if visual func of opaque or diseased cornea Correction of severe altered struc Replacement of active diseased cornea Improvement if cosmetic appearance of cornea
51
Unfavorable factor in keratoplasty
Presence of vascularization
52
Tunic coat mainly for protection, covered by tenons capsule and conjunctiva
Sclera
53
Superficial inflammation of sclera Lesion appears as flat or raised hard immovable nodule surrounded by far red or purple congestion Usually at temporal side Young adults
Episcleritis
54
``` Inflammation of deeper portion of sclera Bluish red in color Most common symptom: severe pain Recurrence ipsi common Young adults ```
Scleritis
55
Most freq predisposing cause
TB

Med Prep (52 decks)

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