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Med Prep > ophtha-systemic ophtha, ocular injury, therapeutics > Flashcards

ophtha-systemic ophtha, ocular injury, therapeutics Flashcards

0
Q

Pseudomem type of conjunctivitis causative agent

A

Beta-hemolytic strep

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1
Q

Hordeolum/stye causative agent

A

Staph aureus

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2
Q

CONTRAINDICATION to intraocular surgery

A

Beta hemolytic strep

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3
Q

Endophthalmitis causative agent

A

Meningococcal neisseria

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4
Q

Ophthalmia neonatorum, purulent discharge in adult and nongranulomatous uveitis causative agent

A

GONOCOCCAL neisseria

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5
Q

Severe dehydration, sunken eyeball, bluish appearance of lids causative agent

A

Cholera vibrio

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6
Q

Contagious venereal disease which appears as vesicle or ulcer in the genitals. It has regional adenitis. May lead to parinauds ocular syndrome.

A

Lymphogranuloma venerum

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7
Q

Viruses producing petechiae hemorrhage may manifest with

A

Subconj hemo and ecchymoses

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8
Q

Viruses that attacks the nerves tend to produce

A

Optic neuritis and EOM palsies

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9
Q

Adenovirus type responsible for pharyngoconjunctival fever

A

Adenovirus 3,4,7

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10
Q

Adenovirus type responsible for epidemic conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus type 8

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11
Q

Virus that produces self limited conjunctivitis. The danger occurs if it attacks pregnant women during her first trimester.

A

Rubella

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12
Q

Produces vesicular Exenthema in eyelid, conj and cornea

A

Varicella -chicken pox

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13
Q

In primary lesion of hopes simplex , what is absolutely COntraindicated?

A

Steroids

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14
Q

Treatment of choice for primary lesion of herpes simplex

A

Iododioxyuridine (IDU)

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15
Q

Importanct cause of corneal blindness in underdeveloped countries.

A

Rubeola (measles )

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16
Q

In acute stage of measles, there is non purulent type of conjunctivitis with red dots surrounding by white areas called

A

Koplic’s spot

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17
Q

Treatment for measles

A

Vaccination

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18
Q

The type of toxoplasmosis disease accom by CNS involvement including calcification.

A

Congenital type

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19
Q

First sign of Lupus erythematosus

A

Lid edema
Then hyperkeratosis, seborrhea
Finally atrophy of skin

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20
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction to drugs like salicylates and is charac by generalized maculopapular rash, severe stomatitis, ans purulent conjunctivitis

A

EM, Steven Johnson syndrome

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21
Q

Adult type of chronic inflam and degenerative changes in the joints. The findings of subcutaneous nodules are characteristic and may appear similar to miliary TB

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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22
Q

Addison’s syndrome has no effect on vision.. Only hyper pigmentation of skin of lids, conj and uvea

A

True

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23
Q

The most significant ocular manifestation of graves disease

A

Exophthalmos

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24
Q

Endocrine exophthalmos is not affected by many medical therapy and appears after thyroid surgery

A

True

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25
Q

Treatment for endocrine exophthalmos

A

Orbital decompression

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26
Q

The early ocular changes due to diabetics are the results of

A

Osmotic changes

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27
Q

When blood sugar is highe, there is the tendency to be myopic/hyperopic

A

Myopic

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28
Q

New formed blood vessels on retina

A

Rubeosis iridis

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29
Q

New formed blood vessels which later circle the macula

A

Retinitis circinata

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30
Q

New formed blood vessels that extends to vitreous, fibrous tissue appears

A

Retinitis proliferans

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31
Q

Produces pallor of conj, pale fundus and pale tortuous retinal blood vessels

A

Anemia

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32
Q

The general color of fundus on polycythemia is

A

Dusky red or cyanotic

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33
Q

Daily requirement of vitamin A

A

5000 IU

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34
Q

Vitamin that keeps the itergrity of epithelium of skin and mucous membrane.

A

Vit A

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35
Q

Earliest sign of vit A deficiency

A

Bight blindness and prolonged dark adaptation

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36
Q

Chronic vit A deficient sign

A

Dry mucous mem and tear secretion stops

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37
Q

An early indication of vit A deficient is the formation go greasy yellowish plaque in temporal conjunctiva called

A

Bitot’s spot

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38
Q

Most frequent form of mechanical injury of the eye

A

Foreign bodies of the eye

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39
Q

The sign and symptoms are marked when the foreign body is on

A

Cornea because of rich nerve supply

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40
Q

First step in management of foreign body

A

Locating the foreign body

41
Q

Foreign body in conj is removed by

A

Wiping it out with wet cotton pledget

42
Q

Foreign body embedded in cornea is removed by

A

Spud or long hypodermic needle

43
Q

In foreign body injury, the eye has to be patched for __ hrs to immobilize the lids so that the regeneration of epithelial defect will not be hindered by blinking

A

24hrs

44
Q

What is the effect of contusion in the eye if the eyelids are struck first

A

Ecchymoses or black eye

45
Q

Sub conjunctival hemorrhage should be diff with the hemorrhage by skull fracture. Which has bright red in color and anteriorly located?

A

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

46
Q

Sub conjunctival hemorrhage should be diff with the hemorrhage by skull fracture. Which has purplish in color and Posteriorly located?

A

Hemorrhage caused by skull fracture

47
Q

In iris and ciliary body, the contusion results in

A

Hyphema

48
Q

Contusion may cause deposition of pigment on the surface of anterior lens capsule appearing as a bron ring called

A

Vossius ring

49
Q

In contusion in retina, a milky white area appears at the macula and around the optic disc called

A

Berlin’s edema

50
Q

In management of contusion, hyphema is left alone

A

True. Unless glaucoma sets in

51
Q

Drugs used in treatment of contusion which constricts the pupil thus opening the anterior chamber

A

Pilocarpine

52
Q

Drugs used in treatment of contusion which dilates the pupil with aim of removing the pupillary block

A

Atropine

53
Q

Vitreous hemorrhage are removed by

A

Vitrectomy

54
Q

Retinal hemorrhage are left alone

A

True.

55
Q

Lid wounds are repaired ASAP to avoid contraction of ms and necrosis of skin at wound edged

A

Vertical wounds should be sutured eve in they are small for they cause traction and notching of lid.
Horizontal wounds are repaired if they are >1mm.

56
Q

Common source of chemical injuries in the eye

A

Insecticide and aerosol spray

57
Q

Dilute/concentrated acids produces slight pain, conj congestion and edema of lids, conj and cornea.

A

Dilute acids

58
Q

Dilute/concentrated acids produces coagulation necrosis

A

Concentrated acid

59
Q

Management of chemical injuries

A

Neutralization

60
Q

Helpful in preventive vascularization of cornea

A

EDTA

61
Q

The effects of radiation to eye parts according to their order of frequency

A 
Lens
Conj
Cornea
Uvea
Retina 
Optic nerve
62
Q

Drugs applied in conjunctival sac penetrate mainly thru the cornea by selective diffusion

A

Drugs having Low surface tension, high lipoid solubility ans rapid degree of electrolyte dissociation penetrate more.

63
Q 
Color identification of ophthalmic drugs: 
Antimicrobial
Steroids 
Anesthetic
Miotic
Mydriatic
A 
Antimicrobial-blue
Steroids -white
Anesthetic-yellow
Miotic-green
Mydriasis-red

Bam, yanes, ws, gremi, remy

64
Q

Washing agents

A

Water
Normal saline solution (0.9%)
Boric acid (2-4%)

65
Q

Dyes are used to stain the breaks in the continuity of epith of cornea and conjunctiva.

A

Sodium fluorescein 2% - green
Rose Bengal 1%
Methylene blue 2-5%

66
Q

Stimulation and blockage of cholinergic system

A

Stimulation - miosis and increase accom

Blockage - Mydriasis and cycloplegia

67
Q

Stimulation and blockage of adrenergic system

A

Stimulation - Mydriasis

Blockage - miosis

68
Q

Cholinergic system acts on parasympathetic nerve ending or destroys what enzyme?

A

Cholinesterase

69
Q

Adrenergic system acts on sympathetic nerve ending or destroys what enzyme

A

Amine oxidase

70
Q

It produces dilation of conj and uveal arterioles, miosis and increased permeability of blood aqueous barrier

A

Parasympathetic cholinergic drugs

71
Q

Systemic effects of parasympathetic cholinergic drugs

A

Hypotension
Vasodilation
Bronchospasm
Increase tone of GI and urinary ms

72
Q

Para/sympa drugs only limited to glaucoma

A

Parasympathetic cholinergic drugs

73
Q

Parasympathetic cholinergic drugs

A

Acetylcholine 1:1000
Metacholine 10-20%
Carbachol
Pilocarpine

74
Q

Parasympathetic cholinergic drugs that dilates the retinal artery during CRAO

A

Acetylcholine

75
Q

Parasympathetic cholinergic drug demonstration the hypersensitivity of the pupil to this drug in Adie’s syndrome

A

Metacholine

76
Q

Parasympathetic cholinergic drug needed if there is pilocarpine tolerance

A

Carbachol

77
Q

Parasympathetic cholinergic drug that is widely used for glaucoma. Produces incd permeability of trabecular mesh work and miosis.

A

Pilocarpine

78
Q

Parasympathetic cholinergic drug used to treat accommodative esotropia

A

Pilocarpine

79
Q

Anticholinesterase cholinergic drugs

A 
Physostigmine 
Neostigmine
Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP)
Alkyl-phosphate 
Demercarium bromide
80
Q

Used to treat open angle and aphakic glaucoma

A

Anticholinesterase cholinergic drugs

81
Q

Anticholinesterase cholinergic drug for myasthenia gravis that elevates the upper lid temporarily

A

Neostigmine

82
Q

Anti cholinergic or prasympatholytic drugs

A 
Atropine
Scopolamine
Homatropine
Eucatropine
Cyclopentolate
Tropicamide
83
Q

Anti cholinergic or prasympatholytic drug used to treat post synechiae and cycloplegic refraction

A

Atropine

84
Q

Anti cholinergic or prasympatholytic drug substitute for atropine, has shorter duration

A

Scopolamine.

85
Q

Anti cholinergic or prasympatholytic drug use to treat Mydriasis without cycloplegia

A

Eucatropine

86
Q

Anti cholinergic or prasympatholytic drug exclusively used to treat refraction

A

Cyclopentolate

L

87
Q

Sympatomimetic adrenergic drugs

A

Epinephrine

Phenylephrine

88
Q

Sympatomimetic adrenergic drug used to treat glaucoma in combi with pilocarpine

A

Epinephrine

89
Q

Sympatomimetic adrenergic drug of choice for pupillary dilatation

A

Phenylephrine

90
Q

Use to neutralize histamine or inhibit effects of inflammation

A

Corticosteroids

91
Q

can inhibit vascularization, decrease capillary permeability and prevent immunological reactions

A

Steroids

92
Q

Steroids should not be used for a long time

A

True. For they can suppress immunologic host response and may produce glaucoma

93
Q

Used to treat corneal edema and bullous keratopathy

A

Dehydrating agents

94
Q

Steroids are not given in cases of intraocular viral or fungal infection

A

True

95
Q

Steroid of choice

A

Methyl prednisolone

96
Q

Anti inflammatory drug that Inhibit action of fibrinolysin

A

Salicylate

97
Q

Osmotic agents

A

Urea
Mannitol
Glycerol
Isosorbide

98
Q

Osmotic agent that is safe for diabetic pt

A

Isosorbide

99
Q

Utilized to lower the iOp in glaucoma tours eyes by decreasing the aqueous formation in ciliary body

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Med Prep (52 decks)

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