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Med Prep > ophtha-systemic ophtha, ocular injury, therapeutics > Flashcards

ophtha-systemic ophtha, ocular injury, therapeutics Flashcards

0
Q

Pseudomem type of conjunctivitis causative agent

A

Beta-hemolytic strep

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1
Q

Hordeolum/stye causative agent

A

Staph aureus

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2
Q

CONTRAINDICATION to intraocular surgery

A

Beta hemolytic strep

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3
Q

Endophthalmitis causative agent

A

Meningococcal neisseria

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4
Q

Ophthalmia neonatorum, purulent discharge in adult and nongranulomatous uveitis causative agent

A

GONOCOCCAL neisseria

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5
Q

Severe dehydration, sunken eyeball, bluish appearance of lids causative agent

A

Cholera vibrio

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6
Q

Contagious venereal disease which appears as vesicle or ulcer in the genitals. It has regional adenitis. May lead to parinauds ocular syndrome.

A

Lymphogranuloma venerum

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7
Q

Viruses producing petechiae hemorrhage may manifest with

A

Subconj hemo and ecchymoses

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8
Q

Viruses that attacks the nerves tend to produce

A

Optic neuritis and EOM palsies

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9
Q

Adenovirus type responsible for pharyngoconjunctival fever

A

Adenovirus 3,4,7

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10
Q

Adenovirus type responsible for epidemic conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus type 8

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11
Q

Virus that produces self limited conjunctivitis. The danger occurs if it attacks pregnant women during her first trimester.

A

Rubella

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12
Q

Produces vesicular Exenthema in eyelid, conj and cornea

A

Varicella -chicken pox

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13
Q

In primary lesion of hopes simplex , what is absolutely COntraindicated?

A

Steroids

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14
Q

Treatment of choice for primary lesion of herpes simplex

A

Iododioxyuridine (IDU)

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15
Q

Importanct cause of corneal blindness in underdeveloped countries.

A

Rubeola (measles )

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16
Q

In acute stage of measles, there is non purulent type of conjunctivitis with red dots surrounding by white areas called

A

Koplic’s spot

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17
Q

Treatment for measles

A

Vaccination

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18
Q

The type of toxoplasmosis disease accom by CNS involvement including calcification.

A

Congenital type

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19
Q

First sign of Lupus erythematosus

A

Lid edema
Then hyperkeratosis, seborrhea
Finally atrophy of skin

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20
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction to drugs like salicylates and is charac by generalized maculopapular rash, severe stomatitis, ans purulent conjunctivitis

A

EM, Steven Johnson syndrome

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21
Q

Adult type of chronic inflam and degenerative changes in the joints. The findings of subcutaneous nodules are characteristic and may appear similar to miliary TB

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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22
Q

Addison’s syndrome has no effect on vision.. Only hyper pigmentation of skin of lids, conj and uvea

A

True

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23
Q

The most significant ocular manifestation of graves disease

A

Exophthalmos

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24
Endocrine exophthalmos is not affected by many medical therapy and appears after thyroid surgery
True
25
Treatment for endocrine exophthalmos
Orbital decompression
26
The early ocular changes due to diabetics are the results of
Osmotic changes
27
When blood sugar is highe, there is the tendency to be myopic/hyperopic
Myopic
28
New formed blood vessels on retina
Rubeosis iridis
29
New formed blood vessels which later circle the macula
Retinitis circinata
30
New formed blood vessels that extends to vitreous, fibrous tissue appears
Retinitis proliferans
31
Produces pallor of conj, pale fundus and pale tortuous retinal blood vessels
Anemia
32
The general color of fundus on polycythemia is
Dusky red or cyanotic
33
Daily requirement of vitamin A
5000 IU
34
Vitamin that keeps the itergrity of epithelium of skin and mucous membrane.
Vit A
35
Earliest sign of vit A deficiency
Bight blindness and prolonged dark adaptation
36
Chronic vit A deficient sign
Dry mucous mem and tear secretion stops
37
An early indication of vit A deficient is the formation go greasy yellowish plaque in temporal conjunctiva called
Bitot's spot
38
Most frequent form of mechanical injury of the eye
Foreign bodies of the eye
39
The sign and symptoms are marked when the foreign body is on
Cornea because of rich nerve supply
40
First step in management of foreign body
Locating the foreign body
41
Foreign body in conj is removed by
Wiping it out with wet cotton pledget
42
Foreign body embedded in cornea is removed by
Spud or long hypodermic needle
43
In foreign body injury, the eye has to be patched for __ hrs to immobilize the lids so that the regeneration of epithelial defect will not be hindered by blinking
24hrs
44
What is the effect of contusion in the eye if the eyelids are struck first
Ecchymoses or black eye
45
Sub conjunctival hemorrhage should be diff with the hemorrhage by skull fracture. Which has bright red in color and anteriorly located?
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
46
Sub conjunctival hemorrhage should be diff with the hemorrhage by skull fracture. Which has purplish in color and Posteriorly located?
Hemorrhage caused by skull fracture
47
In iris and ciliary body, the contusion results in
Hyphema
48
Contusion may cause deposition of pigment on the surface of anterior lens capsule appearing as a bron ring called
Vossius ring
49
In contusion in retina, a milky white area appears at the macula and around the optic disc called
Berlin's edema
50
In management of contusion, hyphema is left alone
True. Unless glaucoma sets in
51
Drugs used in treatment of contusion which constricts the pupil thus opening the anterior chamber
Pilocarpine
52
Drugs used in treatment of contusion which dilates the pupil with aim of removing the pupillary block
Atropine
53
Vitreous hemorrhage are removed by
Vitrectomy
54
Retinal hemorrhage are left alone
True.
55
Lid wounds are repaired ASAP to avoid contraction of ms and necrosis of skin at wound edged
Vertical wounds should be sutured eve in they are small for they cause traction and notching of lid. Horizontal wounds are repaired if they are >1mm.
56
Common source of chemical injuries in the eye
Insecticide and aerosol spray
57
Dilute/concentrated acids produces slight pain, conj congestion and edema of lids, conj and cornea.
Dilute acids
58
Dilute/concentrated acids produces coagulation necrosis
Concentrated acid
59
Management of chemical injuries
Neutralization
60
Helpful in preventive vascularization of cornea
EDTA
61
The effects of radiation to eye parts according to their order of frequency
``` Lens Conj Cornea Uvea Retina Optic nerve ```
62
Drugs applied in conjunctival sac penetrate mainly thru the cornea by selective diffusion
Drugs having Low surface tension, high lipoid solubility ans rapid degree of electrolyte dissociation penetrate more.
63
``` Color identification of ophthalmic drugs: Antimicrobial Steroids Anesthetic Miotic Mydriatic ```
``` Antimicrobial-blue Steroids -white Anesthetic-yellow Miotic-green Mydriasis-red ``` Bam, yanes, ws, gremi, remy
64
Washing agents
Water Normal saline solution (0.9%) Boric acid (2-4%)
65
Dyes are used to stain the breaks in the continuity of epith of cornea and conjunctiva.
Sodium fluorescein 2% - green Rose Bengal 1% Methylene blue 2-5%
66
Stimulation and blockage of cholinergic system
Stimulation - miosis and increase accom | Blockage - Mydriasis and cycloplegia
67
Stimulation and blockage of adrenergic system
Stimulation - Mydriasis | Blockage - miosis
68
Cholinergic system acts on parasympathetic nerve ending or destroys what enzyme?
Cholinesterase
69
Adrenergic system acts on sympathetic nerve ending or destroys what enzyme
Amine oxidase
70
It produces dilation of conj and uveal arterioles, miosis and increased permeability of blood aqueous barrier
Parasympathetic cholinergic drugs
71
Systemic effects of parasympathetic cholinergic drugs
Hypotension Vasodilation Bronchospasm Increase tone of GI and urinary ms
72
Para/sympa drugs only limited to glaucoma
Parasympathetic cholinergic drugs
73
Parasympathetic cholinergic drugs
Acetylcholine 1:1000 Metacholine 10-20% Carbachol Pilocarpine
74
Parasympathetic cholinergic drugs that dilates the retinal artery during CRAO
Acetylcholine
75
Parasympathetic cholinergic drug demonstration the hypersensitivity of the pupil to this drug in Adie's syndrome
Metacholine
76
Parasympathetic cholinergic drug needed if there is pilocarpine tolerance
Carbachol
77
Parasympathetic cholinergic drug that is widely used for glaucoma. Produces incd permeability of trabecular mesh work and miosis.
Pilocarpine
78
Parasympathetic cholinergic drug used to treat accommodative esotropia
Pilocarpine
79
Anticholinesterase cholinergic drugs
``` Physostigmine Neostigmine Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) Alkyl-phosphate Demercarium bromide ```
80
Used to treat open angle and aphakic glaucoma
Anticholinesterase cholinergic drugs
81
Anticholinesterase cholinergic drug for myasthenia gravis that elevates the upper lid temporarily
Neostigmine
82
Anti cholinergic or prasympatholytic drugs
``` Atropine Scopolamine Homatropine Eucatropine Cyclopentolate Tropicamide ```
83
Anti cholinergic or prasympatholytic drug used to treat post synechiae and cycloplegic refraction
Atropine
84
Anti cholinergic or prasympatholytic drug substitute for atropine, has shorter duration
Scopolamine.
85
Anti cholinergic or prasympatholytic drug use to treat Mydriasis without cycloplegia
Eucatropine
86
Anti cholinergic or prasympatholytic drug exclusively used to treat refraction
Cyclopentolate | L
87
Sympatomimetic adrenergic drugs
Epinephrine | Phenylephrine
88
Sympatomimetic adrenergic drug used to treat glaucoma in combi with pilocarpine
Epinephrine
89
Sympatomimetic adrenergic drug of choice for pupillary dilatation
Phenylephrine
90
Use to neutralize histamine or inhibit effects of inflammation
Corticosteroids
91
can inhibit vascularization, decrease capillary permeability and prevent immunological reactions
Steroids
92
Steroids should not be used for a long time
True. For they can suppress immunologic host response and may produce glaucoma
93
Used to treat corneal edema and bullous keratopathy
Dehydrating agents
94
Steroids are not given in cases of intraocular viral or fungal infection
True
95
Steroid of choice
Methyl prednisolone
96
Anti inflammatory drug that Inhibit action of fibrinolysin
Salicylate
97
Osmotic agents
Urea Mannitol Glycerol Isosorbide
98
Osmotic agent that is safe for diabetic pt
Isosorbide
99
Utilized to lower the iOp in glaucoma tours eyes by decreasing the aqueous formation in ciliary body
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Med Prep (52 decks)

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