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Med Prep > microbio - helminths > Flashcards

microbio - helminths Flashcards

0
Q

Roundworms

A

Nematodes

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1
Q

T or F: within the normal human host, there is no immune reaction to living worms

A

True

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2
Q

Flatworms

A

Platyhelminthes

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3
Q

Intestinal nematodes that are acquired thru ingestion of eggs

A 
Ascaris lumbricoides 
Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
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4
Q

Intestinal nematodes that are acquired when their larvae penetrate the skin, usually of the foot

A 
Necator americanus (hookworm)
Strongyloides stercoralis
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5
Q

Intestinal nematode that is acquired by ingestion of encysted larvae in muscle (pork meat)

A

Trichinella spiralis

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6
Q

Nematodes that has larval form that migrates through the tissue and into the lung at some stage of their life cycle. The larvae grow in the lung, are coughed up and swallowed into the intestine, where they grow into adult worms.

A

Ascaris lumbricoides
Necator americanus
Strongyloides stercoralis

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7
Q

Scariest worm

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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8
Q

Largest intestinal nematode

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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9
Q

Tramway sign in X-ray

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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10
Q

Nematode that causes loeffler’s syndrome -pneumonitis

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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11
Q

Dot sign

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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12
Q

Produces large eosinophilic exudates

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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13
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides and Necator americanus have very similar life cycle, they differ only in the path that each larvae form takes to reach the lung:

A

Necator americanus: foot to lung

Ascaris lumbricoides: intestine to lung

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14
Q

New world hookworm

A

Necator americanus

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15
Q

Cutting plates

A

Necator americanus

Fasciolopsis buski

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16
Q

Cat/dog hookworm

A

Ancyclostoma braziliensis

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17
Q

Form of larva that can penetrate the skin (n.americanus and s.stercoralis)

A

Filariform larva

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18
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans aka creeping eruption (intensely pruritic, migratory skin infection)

A

Ancyclostoma braziliensis

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19
Q

Cochin china diarrhea

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

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20
Q

Has indirect and direct cycle and

Autoinfection where filariform larvae develop and penetrate intestinal wall

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

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21
Q

Principal host of Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Man

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22
Q

Diagnostic test for Strongyloides

A

Filter paper strip procedure
Agar plate method
Baermann’s technique

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23
Q

Treatment for Strongyloides stercoralis infection

A

Albendazole

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24
Q

Can be acquired thru ingestion of undercooked meat where in the encysted larvae of nematode live in striated muscle

A

Trichinella spiralis

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25
Q

May cause periorbital edema

A

Trichinella spiralis

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26
Q

Nurse cells

A

Trichinella spiralis

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27
Q

Whipworm

A

Trichuris trichiura

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28
Q

No filariform larvae stage, no tissue invasion, no lung involvement and the eosinophilic count is not elevated

A

Trichuris trichiura

Enterobius vermicularis

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29
Q

In trichuris trichiura, there is no auto infection, why is that?

A

Since the eggs must incubate in moist soil for 3-6weeks before they become infective.

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30
Q

Rectal prolapse

A

Trichuris trichiura

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31
Q

Lemon-shaped egg

A

Trichuris trichiura

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32
Q

Bipolar plugs

A

Trichuris trichiura

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33
Q

The life cycle of trichuris trichiura is

A

Slow

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34
Q

Causes Pruritus ani (perianal itching)

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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35
Q

Pin worm / seat worm

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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36
Q

Diagnostic test for Enterobius vermicularis infection

A

Scotch tape test on the perianal area

Cellophane tape swab

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37
Q

Pinworms mature in..

A

Cecum and ascending intestine

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38
Q

Vector of onchocerca volvulus

A

Black fly or buffalo gnat

Simulium flies

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39
Q

Black river blindness

A

Onchocerca volvulus

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40
Q

“Mal morado” or “erisipelas de la costa”

A

Onchocerca volvulus

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41
Q

The thickened skin may appear dry, scaly and thick (LEOPARD SKIN)

A

Onchocerca volvulus

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42
Q

Hanging groin

A

Onchocerca volvulus

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43
Q

“Craw-craw or “sowda”

A

Onchocerca volvulus

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44
Q

Reaction to proteins released by dying onchocerca, including fevers, rashes, ocular damage, joint and muscle pain, and lymphangitis as well as hypotension, pyrexia, respiratory distress, and prostration.
Drug reaction to DEC diethylcarbamazine

A

Mazzoti reaction

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45
Q

Infective stage of onchocerca volvulus in man

A

Micro filariae

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46
Q

Treatment for onchocerciasis

A

DEC diethylcarbamazine

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47
Q

Differentiate in dermal nodule

A

Onchocerca volvulus

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48
Q

Filariasis is caused by

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

Brugia malayi

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49
Q

Transmitted by genus mansonia

A

Brugia malayi

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50
Q

Vector of filariasis

A

Culex, aedes poicilus, and anopheles flavirostis mimimus mosquito

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51
Q

Filariasis, a wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi infection, causes what manifestations?

A

Elephantiasis

Elephantoid fever

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52
Q

Topical pulmonary eosinophilia

A

Filariasis

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53
Q

Treatment for filariasis

A

Ivermectin

Diethylcarbamazine DEC

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54
Q

Infective stage of filariasis in man

A

Microfilariae

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55
Q

Blood and tissue nematodes

A

Onchocerca volvulus

Wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi

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56
Q

Adult worms of blood and tissue nematodes lives in

A

Lymphatic tissue

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57
Q

Blood and tissue nematodes spread by ..

A

Bite of arthropod

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58
Q

Guinea worm

A

Dracunculus medinensis

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59
Q

Fiery serpents that plagued the Israelites by the Red Sea

A

Dracunculus medinensis

60
Q

Infective stage of dracunculus medinensis to man

A

Microfilariae in Copepods

61
Q

T or F: flatworms does not have digestive tract

A

True

62
Q

Flukes

A

Trematodes

63
Q

Tapeworms

A

Cestodes

64
Q

A group of Platyhelminthes that live and mate within digestive tract

A

Cestodes

65
Q

A group of Platyhelminthes that is hermaphroditic (has male and female sex organs)

A

Cestodes

66
Q

T or F: all flukes have a water snail species as an intermediate host

A

True

67
Q

Intermediate host of Trematodes

A

Snail

68
Q

Blood fluke

A

Schistosoma

69
Q

Mature schistosomal larva that infects human

A

Cercariae

70
Q

Treatment for Cestodes and Trematodes infection

A

Praziquantel

71
Q

Schistosomes

A

S. haematobium
S. japonicum
S. mansoni

72
Q

Resides in veins surrounding the bladder and deposits egg in urine.
Causes urinary bladder carcinoma
Terminal spine

A

Schistosoma haematobium

73
Q

Schistosoma that resides in intestinal tract and deposits eggs in feces.
Small lateral spine.

A

Schistosoma japonicum

74
Q

Schistosoma that resides in intestinal tract and deposits eggs in feces.
Prominent lateral spine

A

Schistosoma mansoni

75
Q

Manifests:
Katayama reaction (fever) as a result of the grown adults laying their eggs.
Swimmer’s itch as a result of penetration of cercaria on the swimmer’s skin.
Claystem/pipe stem fibrosis

A

Schistosoma japonicum

76
Q

Schistosoma with Non-operculated ovum

A

Schistosoma japonicum

77
Q

Diagnostic test for schistosoma

A

Kato’s thick-smear method

78
Q

Vector of schistosoma japonicum

A

Onchomelania quadrasi

79
Q

Test for schistosoma cercariae

A

Circum oval precipitin test (COPT)

80
Q

Box-like segments of tapeworm

A

Proglottids

81
Q

The most anterior segment of tapeworm, which has suckers or sometimes hook

A

Scolex

82
Q

___proglottids that has the male and female sex organs

A

Mature proglottids

83
Q

___proglottids that contains the fertilized eggs

A

Gravid proglottids

84
Q

Pork tapeworm

A

Taenia solium

85
Q

Beef tapeworm

A

Taenia saginata

86
Q

Length of pork tapeworm

A

2-8meters

87
Q

Occurs when humans take the role of pigs and ingest eggs rather than the encysted larvae

A

Cysticercosis

88
Q

Has rostellar hooks

A

Taenia solium

89
Q

4 suckers and circle of hooks

A

Taenia solium

90
Q

Causes neurocysticercosis

A

Taenia solium

91
Q

Most common sequela of neurocysticercosis

A

Seizure

92
Q

Pathognomonic sign of taenia solium infection

A

Migrating intraventricular cyst

93
Q

Fish tapeworm

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

94
Q

Causes vitamin b12 deficiency to megaloblastic anemia

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

95
Q

Intermediate hosts of diphyllobothrium latum

A

Crustaceans and fish

96
Q

Max length of diphyllobothrium latum

A

45 meters

97
Q

Ova with operculum

Has elongated sucking grooves

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

98
Q

The larvae of diphyllobothrium latum is called..

A

Plerocercoid / sparganum

99
Q

Positive uterine rosette

Spirometra

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

100
Q 
Smallest tapeworm (15-55mm) 
Dwarf tapeworm
A

Hymenolepis nana

101
Q

Infective stage of hymenolepis nana

A

Eggs are directly infectious to humans

102
Q

Tapeworm that is Endemic in Philippines

A

Hymenolepis nana

103
Q

Rat tapeworm

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

104
Q

Causes hydatid disease, an extra-intestinal tapeworm infection

A

Echinococcus granulosus

105
Q

Dog tapeworm

A

Echinococcus granulosus

106
Q

It causes anaphylactic shock when the hydatid cyst bursts

A

Echinococcus granulosus

107
Q

Diagnostic test in echinococcus granulosus infection

A

Casoni’s skin test

108
Q

Treatment for echinococcus granulosus

A

Albendazole

109
Q

Brood capsules

Liver cysts

A

Echinococcus granulosus

110
Q

Rat lungworms

A

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

111
Q

Causes radiculomyeloencephalitis

A

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

112
Q

Barber’s pole

A

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

113
Q

Anisakis sp. transmission

A

Acquired thru ingestion of raw seafoods

114
Q

Acquired thru ingestion of raw seafoods

A

Anisakis sp.

115
Q

Pudoc worm

A

Capillaria philippinensis

116
Q

Causes borborygmi (rumbling and gurgling noise in intestine) and diarrhea

A

Capillaria philippinensis

117
Q

Resemble gastric carcinoma

A

Anisakis sp.

118
Q

Chinese liver fluke

A

Clonorchis sinensis

119
Q

Disease caused by clonorchis sinensis

A

Cholangicarcinoma

120
Q

Garrison fluke

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

121
Q

Collarette of spine

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

122
Q

Intermediate host of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Pila luzonica

123
Q

Endemic in Philippines

A

Hymenolepis nana

Echinostoma ilocanum

124
Q

Giant intestinal fluke

A

Fasciolopsis buski

125
Q

Egg hen shape ova

A

Fasciolopsis buski

126
Q

Mode of transmission of fasciolopsis buski

A

Eating aquatic vegetation carrying the cysts

Bamboo shoots and water chestnuts

127
Q

Treatment of fasciolopsis buski

A

Praziquantel

128
Q

Fluke that is Endemic in Philippines

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

129
Q

Sheep liver fluke

Sheep liver rot

A

Fasciola hepatica

130
Q

Treatment for fasciola hepatica

A

Bithionol

131
Q

Transmission of fasciola hepatica

A

Eating watercress contaminated with metacercariae

132
Q

Fascio hepatica excysts in..

A

Duodenum

133
Q

Cephalic cone

Halzoun

A

Fascio hepatica

134
Q

Eating raw fish containing cysts

Causes cardiac beriberi / cardiac failure

A

Heterophyses heterophyses

135
Q

African eye worm

A

Loa loa

136
Q

Intermediate host of loa loa

A

Deer fly

137
Q

Infective stage of loa loa

A

Micro filariae

138
Q

Treatment for loa loa infection

A

Ivermectin

Diethylcarbamazine

139
Q

Causes calabar swelling or fugitive swelling

Crawling across the conjunctiva

A

Loa loa

140
Q

Lung fluke

A

Paragonimus westermani

141
Q

Acquired when ingested undercooked crabs/crayfish
Ova with operculum
Hemoptysis

A

Paragonimus westermani

142
Q

Dog roundworms

A

Toxocarca canis

143
Q

Visceral larva migrans

A

Toxocarca canis

144
Q

Diagnostic test for toxocarca canis

A

Casoni skin test

145
Q

Treatment for toxocarca canis infection

A

Diethylcarbamazine

146
Q

Diagnostic test for trichinosis

A

Bentonite floccukation test

147
Q

For egg counting

A

Stoll’s technique

Med Prep (52 decks)

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