Toxic Plants in the Midatlantic Flashcards
What is the toxin:
Clinical signs: Exercise intolerance, down, seizures or death
Organ system effected: Blood (oxygen irreversibly bound to hemoglobin) (cyanide toxicity), blood is bright red
Wild Cherry Toxicity
What is the onset and toxic dose of wild cherry?
15-20minutes
1-5lbs of dead leaves for a 1200lb cow
How do you confirm a diagnosis of wild cherry?
History of dead cherry tree leaves in pasture, necropsy with wild cherry leaves in rumen
Hod do you treat for wild cherry toxicity?
Na Thiosulfate/Na Nitrate
100-250ml IV
What are some common things mentioned in the history of an animal who is suffering from cherry toxicity?
Cutting trees down in fence row or big storm
What is the toxin:
Clinical signs: Dead
Organs effected: heart
History of animals getting out of the pasture or neighbor putting brush or clippings into housing area
Japanese Yew
What is the onset and toxic dose of Japanese yew for a 1200lb cow?
1-3 hours
1lb for 1200lb cow
How do you confirm this diagnosis of Japanese Yew?
Find bush, history, necropsy and in rumen
Treatment of Japanese Yew?
None
Why is Japanese Yew a big problem?
Most common decorative bush in U.S. , more toxic as mature through year, suburban encroachment
What is the toxin in Japanese Yew?
Taxine
What is the toxin:
Clinical signs: Goose Stepping/Stilted Gate, Down, Hyperesthia
Body Systems Affected: Brain (similar to grass tetany)
Buckeye
What is the principle toxin of buckeye?
Glycosides aesculin and fraxin and narcotic alkaloid
What is the onset time and toxic dose for buckeye?
onset - 12-24 hours
Dose: 0.5% body weight (5lb for 1200lb)
How do you diagnose buckeye poisoning?
History of exposure to plant during fall, signs: stiff gain, staggering down due to hyperethesia, necropsy find them in rumen
What is the treatment for buckeye poising?
Prevention key - prevent bloat from lateral recumbency, prevent drowning in creek (keep up), prevent falling off cliff
-May give xylazine and ace, mineral oil and magnesium oxide to calm down
What is the toxin in buckeye?
Aesculin
What is the toxin:
Clinical signs: ADR, hemorrhagic diarrhea, ruminal fluid distension
Organ affected: Kidney - renal tubular necrosis and GIT - watery black diarrhea
Acorn Toxicity
What is the onset and toxic dose of acorn toxicity?
Unclear (may take a while)
How do you diagnose it?
Hx of fall, ADR, dark diarrhea, very elevated BUN and creatine
Necropsy in rumen
Treatment for acorn toxicity?
Supportive care IV and oral fluids
Unrewarding
What is the toxin in acorns?
Tannins (from oak tree most common hardwood tree)
-Can cause birth defects in nonlethal dose ingested by cow
What is the toxin:
Clinical signs: hoof and tail slough off, in pond, laminitis, decrease growth in stocker, EED in cow during summer heat, may look like infertility
System Affected:
Tall Fescue Toxicity
What is the major sign of Rhododendron toxicity? Who normally gets into it? How do you treat it?
Projectile Vomiting
Goats - late winter grazing what’s left
Treat with supportive care (fluids) /nausea med?
When does nitrate toxicity typically occur and why? Signs?
Sing: anorexia
Methemoglobin toxin
Chocolate brown blood
Treat wuth % Methylene blue, Vit C
Source: drought stressed plant summer annuals (millet, sorgum, sudan grass, johnson grass and oats)
What is the nitrate transformation?
High nitrate forage -> nitrate -> Nitrite -> ammonia -> hemoglobin -> methemoglobin
What are some toxic weeds that are rare to cause a problem unless there is nothing else to eat?
Spiny pigweed - kidney failure and nitrate toxicity
Jimson Weed - RR increase, Increase HR, Urination and deification
Sweet Vernal Grass - bleed out like rat poision
perilla Mint - acute respiratory
Pokeweed - diarrhea and colic
