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FAMS > Pink Eye and SSC > Flashcards

Pink Eye and SSC Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major diseases of the bovine eye?

A

Infectious: Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) - pink eye, squamous cell carcinoma and trauma or foreign body

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2
Q

Where is the ulcer on a cow with trauma or a foreign body?

A

Not central! (Pink eye central) - see best with stain

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3
Q

Why does the producer care about IBK?

A

Can’t see to reproduce or eat and grow (decreased weaning weight)

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4
Q

Is IBK painful?

A

Yes!

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5
Q

What are other cost associated with IBK?

A

Decreased milk production, less growth of calves, sale discounts due to scaring, decreased value of breeding stock, treatment cost, prevention cost and welfare of animal

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6
Q

What is the primary pathogen in IBK?

A

Moraxella bovis and boviculi - pili, attach to cornea, local persistance, sytotoxins, epithelial cell lysis and pore in cornea (ulcer), lysis of neutrophils release enzymes, damage phospholipids

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7
Q

Can cattle be a carrier of Mycoplasma Bovis?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What environmental factors help increase pathogenicity of pink eye?

A

UV damage, dust, plant material and feeds, female face flies

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9
Q

What kind of cows are predisposed?

A

Herefords and Holstein (white around eyes make UV damage worse)

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10
Q

What are other risk factors for IBK?

A

Summer or Winter (heat and flies or feeding practices/confinement/snow)
Age - calves more likely than cows
Nutritional deficiencies- protein, energy, vitamin A, copper and selenium
Bos taurus more likely (Hereford and baldies)

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of pink eye?

A

Scleral injection
Epiperoa (tearing)
blasospasms (blinking)
Corneal Edema
Central corneal ulcer (not scar)
neovascularization
Photophobia

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12
Q

Do you need to treat a scar? What does it look like?

A

No, it is not raised, shiny has a tear film over it and no other signs (tearing or blinking)

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13
Q

What are some sequelae to pink eye?

A

Glaucoma
Bupthalmos
Blindness

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14
Q

How effective are pink eye vaccines?

A

Not very but anything you can do can help (environmental control of flies best first step though)
-Autogenous best (culture cow on farm and use that strand) - need 150 dose minimum filled

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15
Q

What is IBK treament?

A

Bulbar scleral injections of 1-2ml of penicillin procaine G and 0.5-1ml Dexamethasone

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16
Q

What drugs are labeled for pink eye?

A

Oxytetracyline, Draxxin

17
Q

Extralabel drugs for pink eye?

A

Nuflor, Excede

18
Q

What are some prevention strategies?

A

Fly control, pasture management (weed and bushog), feed management and UV protection

19
Q

What are some other infectious etiologies with ocular manifestations?

A

Mycoplasma (conjunctivitis), IBR (conjunctivitis, edema, neovascular), Malignant Catarrhal Fever, Listeriosis, BVD, Neonatal Septicemia

20
Q

What kind of neoplasia likes the eye?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma
Lymphoma can cause exophthalmia

21
Q

What is cancer eye?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

22
Q

What is a leading cause of whole carcass condemnation in US?

A

Cancer eye (treat, decrease production or early culling)

23
Q

Where does SCC like to be?

A

Conjunctive, Corneosclearl junciton, nicitating membrane, cornea and eyelid

24
Q

What are risk factors for SCC?

A

Older, UV light, Breed (white faced), genetics

25
Q

Might there be a viral component to SCC?

A

Herpes?

26
Q

Diagnosis of Cancer Eye?

A

Epiphora
Blephorospasms
Breed or white face
(examine white face cattles eye once a year)
Assess depth invasion

27
Q

How do you decide whether to treat or cull?

A

Based on the stage (1-4) and location

28
Q

Where is SCC more aggressive when found in that location?

A

Nictitating membrane and lower eyelid

29
Q

By what stage is SCC most likely in the lymph nodes and will cause whole carcass condemnation?

A

Stage 4

30
Q

If you have stage 1-3 (plaques, keratoma, papilloma) they are benign, but will they eventually progress? How do you treat?

A

Yes
Remove it surgically 90% cure, 45% recurrence (keratectomy, 3rd eyelid removal, papilloma removal, exenteration, cryotherapy, hyperthemia

31
Q

Why would you treat SSC?

A

Prolong life of heavy bred animal or to help get young calf grown

32
Q

What’s the difference between enucleation and exenteation?

A

Enucleation: infection of the globe, glaucoma, globe rupture (traumatic or secondary)

Exenteation: ocular neoplasia, SCC>2.5cm, retrobulbar lymphosarcoma

33
Q

How do you do enucleartion?

A

Restrain, sedate, pain meds, antibiotic, clip and suture closed

FAMS (13 decks)

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