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FAMS > Preventing Sick Calves > Flashcards

Preventing Sick Calves Flashcards

1
Q

What are some other names for BRDC?

A

Shipping fever or pneumonia

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2
Q

Why are we still struggling with this disease if animals are being vaccinated before coming to the feedlot?

A

Environment and stress

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3
Q

Why are producers still buying crappy calves to try to turn a profit if they are all getting sick?

A

Feeding them is cheap and so are antibiotics

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4
Q

What are the bacteria and virus involved in BRDC?

A

Bacteria:
Pasturella Multiocida
Mannhemia Haemolytica
Histolpalus Somni
Mycoplasma Bovis
Virus:
BRSV
PI3
BVD
IBR

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5
Q

What is the most commonly isolated bacteria in BRD complex in the lungs?

A

Mannhemia Haemolytica
(Usually only one thing isolated)

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6
Q

What is the most commonly isolated bug in the URT?

A

Pasturella Multocida
(Nasal swabs not very great at catching it)

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7
Q

What is the most economically important disease in feeders?

A

BRDC
(Cost of prevention, treatment, death, Chronics, decrease ROG, decreased Feed conversion, decreased carcass value and labor costs)

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8
Q

What are some of the factors in this multifactorial diease (BRDC)?

A

Weaning, marketing, shipping, comingling, weather, nutrition and respiratory virus (Stress!)

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9
Q

What is the BRDC sequence of events?

A

Susceptible animal is exposed, incubation, primary BRD average 3 days then secondary averaged 3-5 days

Virus destroys cells that protect URT and lung, move down to the lung and have lots of food there to be happy

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10
Q

Why cant viruses be killed with antibiotics?

A

Not alive and in cells causing the cell to do the dirty work

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11
Q

What is the commonly lung pattern found on necropsy?

A

Cranioventral bronchopneumonia
(very consolidated lung)

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12
Q

Where is manhemia found?

A

tonsils of cows (most cows already have it so low pathoniginisty but great as secondary after initial insult or stress

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13
Q

What are the goals of stocker cattle?

A

<10-33% sick
1-4% death loss
1.5lb ADG

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14
Q

What goes into receiving cattle?

A

Purchansing, arrival feeding and enviroment, arrical processing program and disease recognition and treatment

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15
Q

What is the key to cattle purchasing?

A

Make sure the cattle you buy match the resources and ability of the farm

Stop purchasing when in a train wreck

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16
Q

What kind of environment does BRDC love?

A

Many calves in a crowded environment

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17
Q

What is most important when trying to prevent BRDC?

A

Calf purchasing choice, nutrition and stressor reduction

18
Q

What is a category 1 calf?

A

Preconditioned - vaccinated and weaned >48 days before

19
Q

What is a category 2 calf?

A

Calves bought straight from the farm (not comingled)

20
Q

What is a category 3 calf?

A

Fresh market calves

21
Q

What is a category 4 calf?

A

Stale calves

22
Q

What does preconditioning mean?

A

Had all vaccines 2 weeks before stressors, home raised not comingled, have a defined vaccination program and other requirements (eat from trough)

23
Q

How long should a calf be weaned before shipping it?

A

45 days

24
Q

What vaccines should preconditioned calves get?

A

Respiratory: BVD, BRSV, PI3, IBR, Mannheim and Blackleg

25
Q

If vaccine needs a booster when does it need to be administered to prevent BRDC?

A

Needs to be administered 2 weeks prior to exposure (not vaccinating while stressing)

26
Q

What does double vaccinated mean?

A

Been vaccinated twice (one MLV and one killed)

27
Q

What is conditioning?

A

Wean 45 days before shipped
Eating something that is not mommas milk and grass (Grain)

28
Q

How do we rate preconditioned calves?

A
  1. Weaned calve, vaccinated and from 1 source or calves comingled prior to purchase
  2. Weaned calves, vaccinated from multiple sources
  3. Unweaned calves, vaccinated from single source
  4. Unweaned vaccinated calves from multiple sources
29
Q

What kind of processing do category 1 preconditioned calves need?

A

No need for more vaccine or metaphylaxis
-Parasite control is needed (deworm, delice and coccidostat), implant

30
Q

What kind of processing do category 2 preconditioned calves need?

A

Vaccinate in 24 hours, no metaphylaxis needed, parasite control deworm and delice coccidiostat
(5 way MLV, blackleg, parasite nad implant)

31
Q

What kind of processing do category 3 preconditioned calves need?

A

Depends
- do you have more time or money?
Parasite -deworm, delice and coccidiostat
-Remove from market ASAP, fresh clean water and free choice excellent quality grass hay
Vac: 5 way MLV, Blackleg, parasite control, pasturella an dmannhemia, selenium, grain and consider metaphalaxis

32
Q

What kind of processing do category 4 preconditioned calves need?

A

Metaphylaxis would be beneficial, deworm, delice and coccidiostat

33
Q

What other considerations should be made when it comes to receiving cattle?

A

Water, palatable feed(clean out bunk)

34
Q

Why may bull calves have more stressed than heifers during transition?

A

Castration

35
Q

What percent of beef cow herds have at least 1 BVD PI animal in them?

A

4-10% (pretty high likelihood of buying one)

36
Q

How do you test for BVD?

A

Ear notch, Elisa and IHC

37
Q

Should you used a cheap pooled sample to detect BVD?

A

NO! - dont know who it is, where it came from and have to go test again (costly)

38
Q

What does a positive BVD test mean?

A

BVD PI, TI or false positive (check again with serial serology to tell

39
Q

What should you do if you are having a lot of sick calve?

A

Change cattle buying practice to match environment

40
Q

What is metaphylaxis?

A

Treating all calves at high risk, mass medication and treat em all
(expensive and resistance occurs)

Always on high dollar cattle
expect >33% calves get sick
treat >15% in one day
>25-30% of claves treated in 3 consecutive days

41
Q

What is a consequence of metaphylaxis?

A

Moves the sick period to when calf older in life so need to watch carefully longer (20 days)

42
Q
A

FAMS (13 decks)

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