Skin Disease (Dairy Cattle)

Question 1

Why are dairy cattle more susceptible to skin lesions?

Answer 1

Raised in confinement, milking claw on udder and skin contact

Question 2

What causes ringworm?

Answer 2

Dermatophycosis - Trichophyton verrucosum

Zoonotic - spore forming (in environment)
Transmission animal to animal, fomites
No show!

Question 3

What aged cattle normally get ring worm?

Answer 3

Younger, confinement, head or neck then move anywhere (raised greyish scabby area with no hair)
Older- consider immune issue

Question 4

How do you treat ring worm?

Answer 4

Self-limiting, no underlying disease or production losses
Topical - scrape off, wash with soap, iodine (2x day 14 days), clotrimazole (dont let lick, wont know withdraw)
clean barn tools

Question 5

How do you know the ring worm is healed?

Answer 5

Hair growing out middle of lesion

Question 6

What is primary photosensitizaiton?

Answer 6

Injection, injection or absorption of photodynamic agent
-High energy molecule that reacts to UV light in skin to release free radicals (Ulceration, necrosis and edema)
Healthy cows*
Non-pigmented skin, nose and udder
*Occurs when liver overwhelmed with chlorophyll turns into phylloerythrin in GIT

Question 7

What kinds of plants cause primary photosensitizaiton?

Answer 7

Buckwheat, St. Johns wort, smart weed, Legume and Brassica, alfalfa, red clover, milk vetch, turnups, kale,

Question 8

How do you treat primary photosensitization?

Answer 8

Stop intake, provide shade and treat secondary infection (Ceftiofur) and pain

Question 9

What is Type II photosensitization?

Answer 9

inherited aberrant pigment metabolism
Genetic
congenital erythropoietic prphyria
-holstein, shorthorn and hereford
Pigmented skin too

Question 10

What is the normal metabolism for Phylloerythrin?

Answer 10

Cow eats -> Chorophyll in GIT to Phylloerythrin->Phylloerythrin -> Liver

Question 11

What is secondary Photosensitization?

Answer 11

**Unhealthy cattle with impaired hepatobiliary secretion - bile duct occulision hepatic dysfunciton
-toxin - pyrrolizidine alkalois, blue gren algae
*non-pigmented, icterus and poor prognosis for liver damage

Question 12

How do you treat photosensitization?

Answer 12

Provide right quanity and quality for feed/forage
Imporve pastures with right weed control

Question 13

What are some differentials for dairy teat lesions?

Answer 13

Bovine ulcerative mammilitis, pseudocowpox, bovine warts, teat-end hyperkeratosis

Question 14

What causes bovine ulcerative mammilitis?

Answer 14

Bovine herpes virus
- cold weather, replicates at lower temps, more heifers, transmision by flies

Question 15

What are some clinical signs of bovine ulcerative mammalitis?

Answer 15

decreased milk and increased mastitis
Edematous lesions, vesicles that rupture, ulcerated areas that scab, painful and resist milking

Question 16

What is treatment for bovine ulcerative mammalities?

Answer 16

Iodophore teat dip with emollients, isolate cows and milk last with different equipment

Question 17

How long does bvine ulcerative mammilitis last?

Answer 17

4 week course

Question 18

What causes Pseudocowpox?

Answer 18

parapoxvirus

Question 19

What are clinical signs of pseudocowpox?

Answer 19

small red papules ot vesicles/pustules, smalll scabs form aroudn the granulation tissue, lesion can persist for several months, short immunity, reinfection possible

Question 20

Is psedocowpox zoonotic?

Answer 20

Yes, wear gloves and wash hands (change gloves if suspect)

Question 21

What agent causes bovine warts?

Answer 21

papilloma virus

Question 22

What are clinical signs of warts?

Answer 22

Small raised, nonpainful lesion, filamentous or front like, interfere with milking
-Direct or indirect contact transmision

Question 23

What is hyperkeratosis?

Answer 23

Non-infectious hardening and roughening of the skin
-Keratin part of skin - look for at end of teat (score 1-4)
Goal: <5% scoring 4 and less than 15% 3s

Question 24

What are some risk factors for hyperkeratosis?

Answer 24

long pointy teat, older cow, later lactation, longer time for milking machine, genetics, higher vacumm on machine, move in liner, frequency of milking

Question 25

Why is hyperkeratosis bad?

Answer 25

pathogens can hand out in teat

Question 26

How do you prevent teat end hyperkeratosis?

Answer 26

ensure proper milk let down, (timing and claw), adjust automatic take off if needed, teat cleansing and post dip with emollients

Question 27

What is udder edema?

Answer 27

Impaiered blood and lymph circulation - fetal pressure, decreased protien oncotic pressure as IgGs
-Heifer
-genetis and dry cow nutrition

Question 28

What is udder cleft dermatitis?

Answer 28

Necrotic, fooul, smelly scabby area - between 2 halves of udder, cranial and on midline
-associated with sarcoptic mange- scrape
Treatment: clean with antibacterial daily, dry thorough, mild astringent