Small Ruminant Parasites

Question 1

What are common parasites of Small Ruminants?

Answer 1

Haemonchus controtus, Coccidia, Toxocara, tricholostrongylus, ostertagia

Question 2

Coccidia is the most common infectious cause of diarrhea in sheep and goats of what age?

Answer 2

1-6 months

Question 3

How do you diagnose coccidia?

Answer 3

McMasters (Not based on count, but on clinical signs and presence of egg) - normal kid has 1000-1 million eggs normally

Question 4

What is the genus of coccidia in sheep and goats?

Answer 4

Emeria

Question 5

Why do kids that have had coccidia for a while suddenly begin to have diarrhea?

Answer 5

Don’t get immunity until 6 months
Go through stress of weaning
Diet change in spring (lush pasture)
May not be susceptible until reach certain amount
Buildup in environment

Question 6

What are the approved treatments for coccidiosis?

Answer 6

None
-Amprolium/Corrid (Careful overdose lead to polio)
-Sulfa Drugs (Need to replinish microflora GIT)
-Marquis/Triazine antiprotozoals (Sexual and non-sexual phases) - dont use the one not approved in US

Question 7

How can you prevent coccidiosis?

Answer 7

-Reduce oocyte build up and exposure in environment (clean and no mud)
-Max animal health with colostrum, nutrition and reduced stress
-Coccidiostats

Question 8

What is the meat withdrawal on coccidiostats? Milk?

Answer 8

None for meat, not established for milk

Question 9

When should you treat with coccidostats?

Answer 9

Stress(not all time)
-Prewean, lambing and kidding,

Question 10

Where does the barber pole worm or haemoncus controtus cause pathology?

Answer 10

Abomasum and Blood (Anemia)

Question 11

How can you confirm that it was Haemonchus that killed them?

Answer 11

McMasters - ID summer most common
Famacha - See anemia
Necropsy - see in abomasum

Question 12

What is the life cycle of haemonchus?

Answer 12

Egg to L3 in manure (5-7 days)
-longer if cooler
Larvae move up forage (no higher 4-6inch)
Eaten by host
Lay egg 3 weeks later

Question 13

What conditions are not ideal for haemonchus?

Answer 13

Dry lots and real hot

Question 14

When is the amount of haemonchus in the pastures lowest?

When do babies have the most?

When do adults have the most?

Answer 14

Spring (old die off and new in animal)

Winter

Spring

Question 15

Why are kids more at risk to haemoncush?

Answer 15

Immunity not developed yet
First lactation
Heavy lactation and multiple birth
Goat less than sheep

Question 16

When treating for Haemonchus, who needs higher doeses, goat or sheep?

Answer 16

Goats need double other than levamisole

Question 17

Which drugs should you use to treat haemonchus?

Answer 17

Combination
-Selective treatment
(Thiabendazole, Albendazole, Levamisole, Ivermectin and Moxidectin)

Question 18

What else should the owner do for prevention of haemonchus?

Answer 18

FAMACHA System
Select for resistant sheep (fecal egg count reducation test)
Rotate pasture - let it get taller
Put most vulnerable on best pasture
reduce stocking density
Predatory fungus
Nutrition

Question 19

How does Duddingtonia flagrans work?

Answer 19

Ruminant consumes it then it goes into feces and kills larvae