Small Ruminant Lameness Flashcards
What is infectious foot rot in small ruminants?
Severe contagious disease that causes significant economic loss
70-80% all herd lameness
What is the infectious agent of foot rot in small ruminants?
Dichelobacter nodosus
Fusobacterium necrophorum plays a role
What conditions are perfect for footrot?
Warm, wet, overstocked, poor generics, poor trimming schedule
Where do animals get footrot from?
Soil and carriers
What are clinical signs of footrot?
Benign - foot scald, just D. nodosus, interdigital lesion, horn underun
Virulent - with F. necrophorum, severely lame, underrun hard horn, horn separates, exudate smelly
How do you prevent footrot?
proper trimming, proper Quarantine new animals, foot baths
How do you treat footrot?
Topicals: Powder tetracycline, zinc sulfate, foot bath with zinc
Injectables: Oxytetracyiline, nuflor, zactran
How fast should you ideally treat foot rot?
3 days
How long should you quarantine new animals?
30-60 days
What does CAE stand for?
Caprine arthritis and enecphalitis
What kind of virus is CAE and who does it commonly effect?
Retrovirus/Lentivirus
Goat
38-81% prevenance
How is CAE transmitted?
Fluids with infected macrophages
-Colostrum
-Milkers
-Venereal
Uninfected convert
Where does CAE localize?
Macrophages of synovium, lung, CNS, and mammary gland
Lymphocytes in joints, mammary gland, lung, brain
What are the 4 clinical syndromes of CAE?
Arthritis, Leukoencephomyelitis, Mastitis and Interstitial Pneumonia
Who and where does the arthritis version of CAE effect?
> 6 month old goats
Carpal joints, hock, stifle, hip, atlantooccipital
Swelling wax and wanes
Who and how does the neurlogic version of CAE work?
1-5 months
Demyelinating leukoencephalomyelitis
Choppy gait, unilateral or bilateral paresis and ataxia
How do you get rid of CAE in your herd?
Test and cull (positive antibody = infection)
Manage colostrum - separate kid and dam, heat or pasteruize colostrum
Test every 6 months
How do you diagnose CAE?
Clinical signs
Postmortem: nonsuppurative, demyelinating encephalomyelitis and lymphocytic infiltration of any target tissue
What is OPP? What is its name in other countries?
Ovine Progressive Pneumonia
Maedi-visna
What are the common presentations of OPP?
Pneumonia and mastitis (hard bag), arthritis and encephalitis possible
Who does it normally effect and when?
Older sheep
Long incubation
0.5-49% prevalence
What is the pathophysiology of the virus?
Stimulate reticular cells and lymphocytes to proliferat causing thickening of intra-alveolar septa and produced adenomatosis of alveolar lining
What is the layman’s term for nutritional muscular dystrophy?
White muscle disease
What is white muscle disease?
Deficiency of selenium or vitamine E
Effect skeletal and cardiac muscle in young rapidly growing animals
Ill thrift and repro losses
Where is white muscle prevalent?
All over us bc Se deficient (check hay)
What causes WMD?
Poor se in nutrition
-Poor hay
<0.1PPM
What is the pathophysiology of WMD?
Selenium and VE are antioxidants, when diets defiecnet there is oxidative damage that leads to mucse degeneration
Scary when effect diaphragm and cardia
Who is commonly effected by WMD?
Young animals 2-4 months of age
What are clinical signs of WMD?
Cardiac: recumbency, resp distress, death
Respiratory: tachypnea, frothy nasal dischatge, pulmonary edema
Skeletal muscle: stiff gait, tremble while stand, hunched, weak and unable to nurse
How do you diagnose SE WMD?
Clinical signs, whole blood or tissue at necropsy
-Pale streaks - bilateral
How do you treat WMD?
Inject VE/Selenium (not too much or toxicosis)
-Give dam mineral mix 30 days before lambing
