Local Anesthesia, Dehorning and Castrations Flashcards
What is the definition of castration?
Removing the testicles surgically, damaging them irreparably or causing them to atrophy by stricture of blood supply
Why do we castrate animals?
Decrease fighting and injury
Taste of meat
Decrease quality grade if in tact
Breeding not desirable
When should you castrate the following:
Cattle:
Sheep:
Goat:
Pig:
Cattle: 1st day of birth up to 120 days best
Sheep: at birth or soon after
Goat: 6 months if pet, asap if meat
Pig: 2-5 days
What are the 3 general methods of castration?
Physical
Chemical
Hormonal
When should elastrator bands be applied? How do you do it?
Birth to 3 weeks old
Pull both testicles through the band, apply rubber string and strangulates the cord, testes fall off in 1-3 weeks (dont get nipple in there)
What are some complications with the elastrator bands?
Miss a testicle, need to vaccinate for tetanus, old bands may be dry rotted, no teats or other structures
What are some bloodless castration options in older calves?
What is considered an older calve?
> 5 months old
Callicrate bander, tri-bander, EZE bander, XL bander
-may need to go cut off scrotum in 3-4 days after applying
VACINATE for tetanus
What is the minimum size bull that can be castrated by the calibrate bander?
200lbs
How does the Burdizzo work?
Crush the spermatic cord and disrupt circulation to the testicles (atrophy over time) - clamp at different levels
Tetanus key
What kind of local anesthesia can be used for castration?
Local block - lidocaine intra spermatic cord or testicle
Meloxicam good for pain after
What is helpful about the Newberry knife?
Opens the scrotum up more for drainage - split longitudinally and makes 2 flapps
What should you do to help restrain cattle while castrating?
Perform a tail jack
How much scrotum should you cut off when castrating a bull surgically?
1/3 of the scrotum (make in one swift cut)
How do you proceed from castration after removing the bottom of the scrotum?
grab testicle and pull down, push up with scrotum to free up the spermatic cord, keep constant tension
If you have an older calf with a larger spermatic cord, what can you do to help reduce bleeding?
Used Henderson castration tool, emasculator or cord
For small ruminant castration in older animals what does that procedure look like?
Full sedation
Pain meds and antibiotics
CDT
Ligate cord or emasculate (millers knot or transfixation
What should you do after every castration to prevent fly strike?
Spray Catron!
What are the 2 complications of castration?
Bleeding out and infection
How are swine castrated?
Restrain upside down, squeeze testicle in scrotum, use 12 blade and cut over them, pull straight out not down
How can you get meloxicam to piglets?
Feed it to the sow 3hrs prior to castration
How do you perform larger pig castration?
Anesthesia - Telazole, ketamine and xylazine - 1cc/50lnb IM
-Use midazolam, dexmedetomadine and butorphanol for pet
Surgery - lace in lateral and prep scrotum , cut over, remove botom testis then break own ligaments and emasculate or ligate
Should there be swelling with banding?
NO!
What is disbudding?
Removal or destruction of the horn producing corium in young ruminants (<2 weeks old and as early as 24 hours of life)
Dehorning Definition
More painful with longer healing time, horns removed after the horn-producing corium has attached to the skull
How do you perform anesthesia for dehorning?
Restrains, sedate 1ml xylazine per 100ml lidocaine
Cornual nerve block - trigeminal/zygomaticotemperal
Infiltration lidocaine (5 min to work)
What are some considerations for dehorning?
Clip the hair, disbud young, barnd dehorner older or gigli wire (surgical vs cosmetic)
When using the butane torch to disbud what should you always di before starting the procedure?
Pre-heat it and test it (doesn’t like to start in cold)
For small ruminant - dont push too hard or hold longer than 5 seconds when disbudding with hot iron. For cattle you have to …
push in a little harder
How do you use barns dehorners?
Push away from you - get positioned and wait - push hard and fast
What is exposed after dehorning larger animals?
Frontal Sinus
-Older with developed sinus only remove the tips if that’s an option
How do you get the bleeding to stop if you have dehorned a larger animal?
Pull the artery
What kind of postop care should be taken dehorning?
Fly control, monitor hemorrhage, open sinus cover with bandage or pine tar
-no eat from hay or round bale until healed
Check for drainage, head shaking, head tilt, nasal discharge, lethargy
Is it recommended to dehorn adult goats?
No, sinusitis could be bad
