GIT Diseases Flashcards
What are some differentials for a dairy cow, with decrease milk production, new bag of silage, dehydrated, cold to touch, no rumen motility, feces with bubbles, no ping but distended on left side?
Acidosis, Mycotoxins, Salmonella, Corona virus, Johnes, Lymphosarcoma, indigestion, ulcer, ketosis
What disease is a result of digestive issues that result from dietary changes that disrupt microflora, pH and motility? May be due to spoiled or forzen feed, urea. May effect Rumen, SI, cecum or both.
Indigestion
How do you diagnose mycotoxins?
Rule out all others then test the feed
What are some signs of mycotoxins?
Gastroenteritis, intestinal hemorrhaged, impaired rumen function, diarrhea, ketosis, reduced feed intake, decreased feed efficiency, Milk contamination, decreased milk yield, mastitis, laminitis, irregular heats, low conception, ovarian cyst, embryonic loss
What are the main fresh cow diseases?
Mastitis, Metritis, LDA, Hypocalcemia, Ketosis
Pneumonia, Indigestion
What is your diagnosis for a cow with a sunked PL fossa, no rumen contractions, depression, loose feces, BHB 3.9, high pitched noise at left side, sunken eyes?
LDA with clinical ketosis
What pings on the left side of the cow?
Elbow to hip - LDA
Rumen Tymphany
Peritonitis - high
Pneumoperitoneum - post surgery
What pings can be heard on the right side?
Elbow to hip (11-13th) - RDA
Spiral colon - paralumbar fossa and last ribs
Small intestines/Cecal torsion
How do you treat an LDA?
Roll and Togle - lay on right side and roll left, ping then use 2 trocar to tack in place
Exploratory: Left (abomasopexy), Right (Pyloroppexy)
Drugs: antibiotics, glucose, ca, potassium, probiotic, NSAID
How common are RDA or RTA?
10%
-Surgery on right
Who commonly gets DAs?
First 6 weeks of lactation
What causes Da’s?
Hypocalcemia, Metritis, Mastitis, Ketosis, Retained Placenta, High grain and low forage diet, high producing cows
(decrease in GI motility)
What are some types of abomasal disease in cattle?
Outflow Alterations (LDA, RDA, RTA, Impaction, Intraluminal obstruction, mural lesion, extraluminal masses)
Loss of abomasal wall integrity - Ulcers (bleed or perforating), Fistula
Who gets abomasal ulcers?
Rapidly growing calves, heifers, cows, bulls (high stress) - 6 week of lactation
What causes abomsal ulcers?
High stress, pregnancy, NSAID lymphosarcoma
What can ulcers lead to?
Local or diffuse peritonitis
If the ulcer is a bleeding one, what are some signs?
Asymptomatic, melena in stool, may not eat well, chronic abdominal pain, pale MM, weak, tachycardia
How do you diagnose uclers?
PCV/TS, occult blood, ultrasound, abdominal tap, cbc, chem
How do you treat abomasl ulcers?
change diet (hay)
GI protectant - pantoprazole omperazole
Antibiotic
What are some types of obstructive GI disease?
Intussusception
Mesenteric root torsion
Trichobezoars
Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome
Volvulus
Neoplasia, fat necrosis
Vagal Indigestion
Ileus (Pseudo-obstruction)
Moderate to severe indigestion
Cecal dilation/retroflexion/torsion
Abomasa ulcer
What happend when one section of intestine goes into another leading to abdominal distension, muscus from anus, little to no feces?
Intussusception
What are signs of intussusception?
Colic, depressed and anorexic, abdomen swells, dehydration
How do you diagnose Intussuscpetion?
Palpation, small gas ping right
How do you treat intussusception?
Fluid, antibiotics, surgery
Dairy cow with ventral abdominal distension, huge blood clots in feces, ping on right side below PL fossa, distended viscera right quadrant, see blood clot in intestine on ultrasound?
Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome: Clostridium Perfringense A overgrowth
How do you treat Hemorrhagic bowl syndrome?
Coccidiostat in feed, IV fluid, banamine, oral and IM penicillin
What causes HB syndrome?
Dairy cattle, 120 day in lactation, high energy diets
Clostridium type A
Aspergillus fumigatus
What are signs of HBs?
Off feed, depressed, increase HR and RR, abdominal distension, low ping right abdomen
Rectal blood clot, distended small bowl, no feces
You have a young calf (first days of life), bilateral distension, no feces, straining, very dehydrated what could be going on?
Segmental agensis
-Atresia ani, recti or coli
-Stick tube in to check
Whats treatment for atresia ani?
make new butt or euthanize
What causes cecal dilation, retroflexion and torsion?
High grain diet, ileus, torsion occurs after dilation
Signs: anorexia, drop in milk, scant feces, signs of colic
Diagnosis: palpation
How do you treat cecal dilation, retroflexion and torsion?
Oral fluids, ca, decrease grain, exercise
You go to palpate a cow for a preg check but your arm can not advance…what may be going on?
Differentials: Peritonitis, rectal stricture, lymphoma, fat necrosis, abscess
