GIT Diseases

Question 1

What are some differentials for a dairy cow, with decrease milk production, new bag of silage, dehydrated, cold to touch, no rumen motility, feces with bubbles, no ping but distended on left side?

Answer 1

Acidosis, Mycotoxins, Salmonella, Corona virus, Johnes, Lymphosarcoma, indigestion, ulcer, ketosis

Question 2

What disease is a result of digestive issues that result from dietary changes that disrupt microflora, pH and motility? May be due to spoiled or forzen feed, urea. May effect Rumen, SI, cecum or both.

Answer 2

Indigestion

Question 3

How do you diagnose mycotoxins?

Answer 3

Rule out all others then test the feed

Question 4

What are some signs of mycotoxins?

Answer 4

Gastroenteritis, intestinal hemorrhaged, impaired rumen function, diarrhea, ketosis, reduced feed intake, decreased feed efficiency, Milk contamination, decreased milk yield, mastitis, laminitis, irregular heats, low conception, ovarian cyst, embryonic loss

Question 5

What are the main fresh cow diseases?

Answer 5

Mastitis, Metritis, LDA, Hypocalcemia, Ketosis
Pneumonia, Indigestion

Question 6

What is your diagnosis for a cow with a sunked PL fossa, no rumen contractions, depression, loose feces, BHB 3.9, high pitched noise at left side, sunken eyes?

Answer 6

LDA with clinical ketosis

Question 7

What pings on the left side of the cow?

Answer 7

Elbow to hip - LDA
Rumen Tymphany
Peritonitis - high
Pneumoperitoneum - post surgery

Question 8

What pings can be heard on the right side?

Answer 8

Elbow to hip (11-13th) - RDA
Spiral colon - paralumbar fossa and last ribs
Small intestines/Cecal torsion

Question 9

How do you treat an LDA?

Answer 9

Roll and Togle - lay on right side and roll left, ping then use 2 trocar to tack in place
Exploratory: Left (abomasopexy), Right (Pyloroppexy)
Drugs: antibiotics, glucose, ca, potassium, probiotic, NSAID

Question 10

How common are RDA or RTA?

Answer 10

10%
-Surgery on right

Question 11

Who commonly gets DAs?

Answer 11

First 6 weeks of lactation

Question 12

What causes Da’s?

Answer 12

Hypocalcemia, Metritis, Mastitis, Ketosis, Retained Placenta, High grain and low forage diet, high producing cows
(decrease in GI motility)

Question 13

What are some types of abomasal disease in cattle?

Answer 13

Outflow Alterations (LDA, RDA, RTA, Impaction, Intraluminal obstruction, mural lesion, extraluminal masses)

Loss of abomasal wall integrity - Ulcers (bleed or perforating), Fistula

Question 14

Who gets abomasal ulcers?

Answer 14

Rapidly growing calves, heifers, cows, bulls (high stress) - 6 week of lactation

Question 15

What causes abomsal ulcers?

Answer 15

High stress, pregnancy, NSAID lymphosarcoma

Question 16

What can ulcers lead to?

Answer 16

Local or diffuse peritonitis

Question 17

If the ulcer is a bleeding one, what are some signs?

Answer 17

Asymptomatic, melena in stool, may not eat well, chronic abdominal pain, pale MM, weak, tachycardia

Question 18

How do you diagnose uclers?

Answer 18

PCV/TS, occult blood, ultrasound, abdominal tap, cbc, chem

Question 19

How do you treat abomasl ulcers?

Answer 19

change diet (hay)
GI protectant - pantoprazole omperazole
Antibiotic

Question 20

What are some types of obstructive GI disease?

Answer 20

Intussusception
Mesenteric root torsion
Trichobezoars
Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome
Volvulus
Neoplasia, fat necrosis
Vagal Indigestion
Ileus (Pseudo-obstruction)
Moderate to severe indigestion
Cecal dilation/retroflexion/torsion
Abomasa ulcer

Question 21

What happend when one section of intestine goes into another leading to abdominal distension, muscus from anus, little to no feces?

Answer 21

Intussusception

Question 22

What are signs of intussusception?

Answer 22

Colic, depressed and anorexic, abdomen swells, dehydration

Question 23

How do you diagnose Intussuscpetion?

Answer 23

Palpation, small gas ping right

Question 24

How do you treat intussusception?

Answer 24

Fluid, antibiotics, surgery

Question 25

Dairy cow with ventral abdominal distension, huge blood clots in feces, ping on right side below PL fossa, distended viscera right quadrant, see blood clot in intestine on ultrasound?

Answer 25

Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome: Clostridium Perfringense A overgrowth

Question 26

How do you treat Hemorrhagic bowl syndrome?

Answer 26

Coccidiostat in feed, IV fluid, banamine, oral and IM penicillin

Question 27

What causes HB syndrome?

Answer 27

Dairy cattle, 120 day in lactation, high energy diets

Clostridium type A
Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 28

What are signs of HBs?

Answer 28

Off feed, depressed, increase HR and RR, abdominal distension, low ping right abdomen
Rectal blood clot, distended small bowl, no feces

Question 29

You have a young calf (first days of life), bilateral distension, no feces, straining, very dehydrated what could be going on?

Answer 29

Segmental agensis
-Atresia ani, recti or coli
-Stick tube in to check

Question 30

Whats treatment for atresia ani?

Answer 30

make new butt or euthanize

Question 31

What causes cecal dilation, retroflexion and torsion?

Answer 31

High grain diet, ileus, torsion occurs after dilation
Signs: anorexia, drop in milk, scant feces, signs of colic
Diagnosis: palpation

Question 32

How do you treat cecal dilation, retroflexion and torsion?

Answer 32

Oral fluids, ca, decrease grain, exercise

Question 33

You go to palpate a cow for a preg check but your arm can not advance…what may be going on?

Answer 33

Differentials: Peritonitis, rectal stricture, lymphoma, fat necrosis, abscess