Topic 76 - Adenohypophysis, the synthesis and release of the ACTH Flashcards

1
Q

Words to include in the adenohypophysis

A
  • Hypophysis
    • Neurohypophysis (posterior lobe)
    • Adenohypophysis (anterior lobe)
  • Endocrine gland
  • Rathke’s pouch
  • Endothermal glandular tissue
  • Hypophyseal hormones
    • Glandotropic hormones
      • TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
      • ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)
      • FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
      • LH (Lutenizing hormone)
      • Endocrine gland
    • Histotrophic hormones
      • PRL (Prolactin)
      • STH (Growth hormone / somatotropin)
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2
Q

Words to include in the synthesis and release of the ACTH

A
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone / corticotropin
  • Glucocorticoid synthesis
  • Adrenal cortex
    • Zona fasciculata
    • Zona reticularis
  • cAMP pathway
  • Cholesterol cleaving
  • Steroid synthesis
  • Direct facilitation of secretion
  • Brown area
  • Pre-POMC
  • POMC
  • Signal peptide
  • Gamma-MSH
  • ACTH
  • Beta-LPH
  • Alpha-MSH
  • CLIP
  • Gamma-LPH
  • Beta-endorphin
  • Beta-MSH
  • (met)-enkephalin
  • Feedback
    • Long feedback
      • Negative feedback
    • Ultra-short feedback
      • CRF
      • CRF sybthesizing cells
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3
Q

General about the adenohypophysis

A
  • The hypophysis is separated into two parts:
    1. Neurohypophysis (posterior lobe)
    2. Adenohypophysis (anterior lobe)
  • The adenohypophysis is an endocrine gland found in the Rathke’s pouch, it is developed from the entodermal glandular tissue during embryonic life
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4
Q

Hypophyseal hormones

A
  • Glandotropic hormones (acts only on endocrine glands)
    • TSH (Thyroid stimulating Hormone)
    • ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)
    • FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
    • LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
  • Histotrophic hormones
    • PRL (Prolactin)
    • STH (Growth Hormone / Somatotropin)
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5
Q

ACTH

What does ATCH stand for?

A

Adrenocortitropic hormone / Corticotropin

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6
Q

ACTH

The role of ACTH

A
  • Stimulates glucocorticoid synthesis in the adrenal cortex in the layers:
    • Zona fasciculata
    • Zona reticularis
  • Stimulation through the enhancement of the activity of cAMP pathway
  • ACTH helps to mobilize energy reserves and decrease pain sensation during stress
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7
Q

ACTH

Synthesis of ACTH

A
  • ACTH is produced in the brown area (central part) of the adenohypophysis
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8
Q

ACTH

Regulation of ACTH

A
  • Regulated by the feedback principle using:
    • Long feedback
      • Increasing glucocorticoid concentration
      • The glucocorticoid production is stimulated by ACTH, and it will elicit at negative feedback on the ACTH synthesis
    • Ultra-short feedback
      • ACTH inhibiting CRF
      • Neural impulses reaching the hypothalamus are integrated by CRF synthesizing cells
      • The release of CRF is pulsatile and its circadian fluctuation determines the synthesis and secretion of ACTH
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