Topic 51 - Food intake, salivary secretion, process of swallowing Flashcards
1
Q
Words to include in food intake
A
- Chewing
- Brain stem
- Reflex inhibition
- Stretch receptors
- Stretch reflex
- Bolus
2
Q
Words to include in process of swallowing
A
- Mouth
- Pharynx
- Espohagus
- Stomach
- Larynx
- Glottis
- Epiglottis
- Pharyngoesophagial sphinter
- Bolus
- Contraction
- Relaxation
- Voluntarly
- Reflex mechanism (involutarly)
- Saliva
- Peristaltic wave
- Pillars of fauces
- Tonsils
- Soft palate
- Tongue
3
Q
Words to include in saliva
A
- Serous secretion
- Parotid gland
- Mandibular gland
- Mucous secretion
- Buccal gland
- Labial gland
- Seromucous secretion
- Sublingual gland
- Enzymes
- Ptyalin (α-amylase) (pig, rabbit, rat)
- Lipase (young ru)
- Iodine
- Heavy metals
- IgA
- Lysozyme
- Urea (ru)
- 1-4 glycosidic bonds
- Mucin
- Mucinous salivary glands
- Acinous glands
4
Q
Words to include in salivary secretion
A
- Bi-phasic process
- Acini
- Tubules
- Filtration
- Secretion
- Diffusion
- Reabsorption
- Double capillarization
- Primary secretion
- Secondary secretion
- pH
- Taste buds
- Olfactory epithelium
- Hearing/vision
- Hypothalamus
- Salivary reflex
- Na+
- Cl-
- Phosphate (Ru)
- HCO3. (bicarobonate) (Ru)
- Ptyalin
- Mucin
- Parasympathetic saliva
- Atropinge
- Muscarine receptors
- Acetylcholine
- IP3 activating system
- Sympathetic saliva
- Noradrenaline
- cAMP system
- Aldosterone
5
Q
Topics to include in the essay
A
- Food intake
- Process of chewing
- Figure
- Process of swallowing
- Saliva
- Role of saliva
- Composition of saliva
- Salivary secretion
- Glands secreting saliva
- Primary and secondary saliva
- pH of saliva
- Regulation of salivary secretion
- Parasymp. and symp. saliva
- Aldosterone
6
Q
Food intake in different species
A
- Cats
- Eat regularly in smaller amounts
- They may use their front-paws to grab the food
- Dogs
- Eat quickly, and great amounts on one occasion
- They may use paws
- Pigs
- Use nose ring to nuzzle and grab the food with the help of their extended lower lip
- Horses
- Encircle food with their lips, and bite it of with their corner teeth
- Ruminants
- Pull food with the tongue, and press it against their lower incisors and the dental plate to tear it off
7
Q
Process of chewing, figure
A
8
Q
Process of swallowing
A
- Arrange sequence of motions in the mouth, pharynx and the esophagus
- Passes the bolus from the mouth to the stomach
- Controlled contractions and relaxations of the muscles
- Receptors are found in:
- Pillars of fauces
- Tonsils
- Soft palate and tongue
Phase 1:
- Bolus from oral cavity → pharynx
- Swallowing begins voluntarily
- Fragments of feed are mixed with saliva and forms bolus
- Soft palate rises and closes the nasopharyngeal opening
- Breathing is inhibited
- Larynx rises and the glottis closes
- Involuntarly
- Bolus from pharynx → esophagus
- Soft palate rises and closes the dorsal opening of the nasal-pharyngeal cavity
- Breathing is inhibited
- Larynx rises and the glottis closes
- Passing bolus in esophagus
9
Q
Role of saliva
A
- Digestion:
- Chewing
- Swallowing
- Bolus formation
- Taste sensation
- Mouth hygiene
- Ru: Buffer capacity of the forestomach
- Ru: antifoaming
- Inhibits formation of small gas bubbles (foam)
- Car: thermoregulation (panting)
- In the mouth:
- Moisten
- Washing off bacteria
- Antibodies (IgA, IgG)
- Bacteriolytic enzymes
- E.g. Lysozyme
10
Q
Glands and secretion
A
-
Serous
- Parotid gland
- Mandibular gland
- Contains ptyalin
- Cleaves the 1-4 glycosidic bonds of carbohydrates
-
Mucous
- Buccal gland
- Labial gland
- Contains mucin
-
Seromucous
- Sublingual gland
11
Q
Primary saliva secretion
A
- Produced by:
- Diffusion
- Secretion
12
Q
Secondary saliva secretion
A
Electrolytes composing the primary saliva is changed in the tubules
13
Q
Saliva secretion activation
A
- Activated by a unconditional reflex mechanism
- Generated by receptors:
- Taste buds of the tongue
- Olfactory epithelium
- Hearing/vision
- Sense stimulus → higher centers → hypothalamus → salivary reflex
14
Q
pH of saliva
A
- Monogastric animals: 7.2
- pH is equal with the blood pH
- Ruminants: 8.2
- High buffer capacity of the saliva
15
Q
Interspecies saliva secretion
- Highest amount
- Lowest amount
A
- Highest: cattle (60-180 l/day)
- Lowest:
- Chicken
- Sheep
- Pig