Topic 54 - The exocrine function of the pancreas, pancreas enzymes, regulation of pancreatic juice secretion Flashcards

1
Q

Words to include in the exocrine function of the pancreas

A
  • Gastric content
  • Neutralize
  • Pancreatic juice
  • Acinar cells
  • Zymogen granules
  • Tubules
  • HCO3- (bicarbonate)
  • Interlobular duct
  • Extralobular duct
  • Main collecting tubule
  • Pancreatic duct
  • Dudoenum
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2
Q

Words to include in pancreas enzymes

A
  • Enzymes
    • α-amylase
    • Lipase
    • Esterase
    • Nuclease
  • Inactive proenzymes:
    • Trypsinogen
    • Chymotrypsinogen
    • Proelastase
    • Procarboxypeptidase
    • Prophospholipase
  • Lumen of ileum
  • Enteropeptidase
  • Trypsin
  • Trypsinogen
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3
Q

Words to include in regulation of pancreatic juice

A
  • Secretory activity
  • Hormoes
  • Neurotransmitters
  • Parasympathetic
    • N. vagus
  • Sympathetic
    • N. sphlanchnicus
  • Cephalic phase
    • Protein
    • Juice
  • Gastric phase
    • Parasympathetic effect
    • Gastrin
    • Enzyme secretion
  • Interstitial phase
    • Secretin
    • Amino acids
    • Fatty acids
    • Monoglycerides
    • Pancreatic juice secretion
    • CCK
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4
Q

Topics to include in the essay

A
  1. The exocrine function of the pancreas
    • Role of the function
    • Pancreatic juice
    • Acinar cells
  2. Pancreas enzymes
    • Enzymes
    • Proenzymes
    • Activation of proenzymes
  3. Regulation of pancreatic juice secretion
    • Hormones and neurotransmitters
    • Parasymp. and symp.
    • Cephalic phase
    • Gastric phase
    • Interstitial phase
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5
Q

The exocrine function of the pancreas

Role of the pancreas

A
  • The exocrine function of the pancreas is producing the pancreatic juice
  • It has two main roles:
    • Neutralize acidic gastric content getting into the duodenum
    • Secretes enzymes essential for digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates
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6
Q

The exocrine function of the pancreas

Pancreatic juice secretion

A
  • Exocrine cells of the pancreas is organized into acinar cells, with zymogen granules
  • The lumen is narrow, and form drainage tubules
  • The drainage tubules produces bicarbonate
  • Interlobular ducts are continued as extralobular ducts, which enters the pancreatic ducts that ends in the duodenum
  • Ductus interlobularis:
    • Ions equal with plasma concentration is secreted
  • Ductus extralobularis
    • HCO3- is secreted, influenced by secretion
  • Main collecting tubule
    • HCO3- secretion into lumen increases, Cl- is taken up
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7
Q

Interspecies quantitiy of pancreatic juice secreted

  1. Highest
  2. Lowest
A
  1. Hightest: horse (6-9.5 l/day)
  2. Lowest:
    1. Chicken
    2. Dog (0.06-1 l/day)
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8
Q

Pancreas enzymes

What does the pancreatic juice contain

A
  • Enzymes:
    • α-amylase
    • Lipase
    • Esterase
    • Nuclease
  • Inactive proenzymes:
    • Trypsinogen
    • Chymotrypsinogen
    • Proelastase
    • Procarboxypeptidase
    • Prophospholipase
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9
Q

Where are the proenzymes activated?

A
  • In the lumen of the ileum
  • The activation is initiated by enteropeptidase, which produces trypsin (active) from trypsinogen
  • Trypsinogen activates other proenzymes to active form
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10
Q

Regulation of pancreatic juice

What are secretory activity of ducts and acini regulated by?

A

Hormones and neurotransmitters

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11
Q

Regulation of pancreatic juice

Neural regulation

A
  • Parasympathetic:
    • N. vagus cause increased ezymatic secretion
  • Sympathetic:
    • N. splanchinicus cause decreased amount of pancreatic juice
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12
Q

Regulation of pancreatic juice

Regulation in cephalic phase, gastric phase and intestinal phase

A
  1. Cephalic phase
    • High protein content
    • Small amount of juice released
  2. Gastric phase
    • Parasympathetic effect dominates
    • Increased enzyme secretion
  3. Intestinal phase
    • Influenced by chime in duodenum and jejunum
    • Presence of amino acids, fatty acids or monoglycerides leads to pancreatic juice secretion that is rich in enzymes
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