Topic 62 - Avian digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Words to include in food intake

A
  • Beak
  • Teeth (ø)
  • Soft palate (ø)
  • Parotis (ø)
  • Oral-pharyngeal cavity
  • Peristalsis
  • Gallinaceace
  • Ptyalin
  • Hypothalamus
  • Protein
  • Temperature
  • Egg production
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2
Q

Words to include in esophagus

A
  • Esophagus
  • Crop
    • Storing
    • Softening
    • Crop milk
      • Nestling
      • Prolactin
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3
Q

Words to include in stomach

A
  • Glandular stomach
    • Gastric enzymes
    • Mucosal gland
      • Mucin
    • Complex gland
      • HCl
      • Pepsinogen
      • Mucin
  • Muscular stomach
    • Ceratinoid layer
    • Gizzard glands
    • Epithelial cells
    • Motility
  • Gizzard
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4
Q

Words to include in small intestines

A
  • Duodenum
    • Peristaltic contraction
    • Segemented contraction
  • Ileum
    • Villi
    • Fermentation
    • Digestive enzymes
      • Intestinal
      • Pancreatic
      • Microbial
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5
Q

Words to include in liver

A
  • Double lobed
    • Duodenum
    • Gall bladder
  • Bile
    • Neuralize
    • Emulsify
    • Amylase
  • Gall bladder
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6
Q

Words to include in pancreas

A
  • Double lobed
  • Ducts
  • Duodenum
  • Pancreatic ezymes
  • Lumen
  • Enterocyte enzymes
  • Brush border
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7
Q

Words to include in cecum

A
  • Paired
  • Contractions
    • Mixing
    • Propulsive
  • Microbial fermentation
    • Volatile fatty acid
  • Water absorption
  • Urea
  • Antiperistalsis
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8
Q

Words to include in colon, cloaca

A
  • Microbial digestion
    • Volatile fatty acid
  • Coprophagia
    • Feces absorption
    • Vitamins
  • Antiperistalsis
    • Urea
    • Feces
    • Water
  • Peristalsis
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9
Q

Food intake

Characteristics in birds

A
  • Beak adapt to food intake
  • Ø teeth
  • Ø soft palate
  • Ø parotis
  • Unified oral-pharyngeal cavity
  • Gallinaceae - ptyalin
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10
Q

Food intake

Center of food intake

A

Hypothalamus

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11
Q

Food intake

What is food intake influenced by

A
  • High temperature and protein in food decreases food intake
  • Low temperature and egg production increases food intake
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12
Q

Esophagus

A
  • Crop:
    • Storing
    • Softening
    • Crop milk in pigeons
      • During nestling
      • Rich in fats and proteins, ø carbohydrates
      • Production is facilitated by prolactin
  • Peristalsis of esophagus passes food to the crop or directly to the stomach
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13
Q

Stomach

A
  • Divided into glandular and muscular part
  • Glandular stomach:
    • Function: secretion of gastric enzymes
    • Two types of glands:
      • Mucosal glands:
        • Mucin
      • Complex glands:
        • HCl
        • Pepsinogen
        • Mucin
    • Digestive enzymes are secreted in the glandular stomach, but they have their effect in the gizzard and duodenum
  • Muscular stomach:
    • Ceratinoid layer:
      • Inner layer
      • Consisting of secretion of gizzard glands, detached epithelial cells and fragments of food
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14
Q

Stomach

Motility

A
  • Muscular stomach - duodenum
  • Muscular stomach - aboral and oral passage
  • Glandular stomach - aboral passage
  • Motility is synchronized with glandular stomach
  • Small stones in the gizzard helps to grind the hard seeds
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15
Q

Small intestines

A
  • Duodenum:
    • Peristaltic and segemntal contraction (related to the contractions of the stomach)
  • Ileum:
    • Villi are longer and thinner than in mammals
    • Task: fermentation
    • Origin of digestive enzymes:
      • Intestinal
      • Pancreatic
      • Microbial
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16
Q

Liver

A
  • Double lobed
    • One bile duct emptying into duodenum
    • One bile duct emptying into the gall bladder
  • Bile:
    • Neutralizes chime
    • Emulsifies lipids
    • Contains amylase in some species
  • Gall bladder (in some species)
17
Q

Pancreas

A
  • Double lobed, with three ducts that open into the duodenum
  • Pancreatic enzymes digest into the lumen
  • Enterocyte enzymes digest in the small intestines at brush border
18
Q

Cecum

A
  • Paired ceca
  • Two kinds of contractions:
    • Mixing
    • Propulsive
      • Passes the content along by peristalsis and antiperistalsis
  • Microbial fermentation: only volatile fatty acid absorption
  • Extensive water absorption from the urea solution
    • Returns into this segment by antiperistalsis
19
Q

Colon, cloaca

A
  • Microbial digestion
    • Only volatile fatty acid absorption
  • Real feces absorption (coprophagia)
    • To recollect important end-products of microbial digestion, birds ingest parts of their feces
    • Significant because of vitamin supply
  • Almost permanent antiperistalsis:
    • Water absorption from urea and feces