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Physiology final exam > Topic 3 - Factors influencing the EC and IC compartments; anelectrolite and electrolite components of the blood plasma > Flashcards

Topic 3 - Factors influencing the EC and IC compartments; anelectrolite and electrolite components of the blood plasma Flashcards

1
Q

Words to include in factors influencing EC and IC compartments

A
  • Balance
  • Ions (95% of solutes)
  • Electroneutality
  • Osmotic pressure
    • Driving force
    • Van’t Hoff principle
      • P = C x R x T
        • Osmotic pressure (P)
        • Concentration of dissolved substances (C)
        • General gas constant (R)
        • Temperature (T)
      • P = r x C x R x T
        • Reflected coefficient (r)
        • Semipermable membrane (r = 1)
  • Molarity
    • mol/l
    • Anelectorlites
      • Osmotic pressure: 2.27 MPa
  • Osmolarity
    • 1 osmol/l = 6x1023 dissolved substance/liter
  • Molarity
    • mol/kg
    • Freezing point depression
    • Anelectrolites
      • Concentration is related to freezing point depression
    • Electrolites
      • Multiplied by dissociation constant
  • Osmolality
    • Osmotic effecto of electrolites and anelectrolites
    • 1 osmol/kg = 6x1023 dissolved substance/kg solvent
    • Blood plasma
      • 0.56 ˚C
      • 3000 mosmol/kg
    • Dilute anelectrolite solutions
      • mosmol/kg = mmol/kg
    • Complete dissociation
      • mosmol/kg = mmol/kg x number of dissociated ions
    • Concentrated solutions
      • Mosmol/kg = mmol/kg x g
        • Osmotic coefficient (g)
  • Oncotic pressure
    • Colloidosmotic pressure
      • Proteins
      • Colloid particles
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2
Q

Words to include in anelectrolite and electrolite components of the blood plasma

A
  • Anelectrolite components of blood plasma
    • Glucose
      • 5 mmol/l (monogastric animals)
      • 2-4 mmol/l (ruminants)
      • 10 mmol/l (birds)
    • Urea
      • 3-10 mmol/l
    • Non-protein nitrogen (NPN)
      • 15-25 mmol/l
  • Electrolites in plasma
    • Plasma cations
      • Na+
      • K​+
      • Mg2+
      • Ca2+
    • Plasma anions
      • Cl-
      • HCO3-
      • Protein
      • Phosphate
      • Sulphate
      • Organic acids
    • Osmolality
      • Total electrolyte content
      • Freezing point depression
  • Plasma proteins
    • Osmotic pressure
      • MPa
    • Oncotic pressure
      • kPa
      • Freezing point depression
    • Molarity
    • Quantifying
      • Kjeldahl method
  • Non-protein nitrogen (NPN)
    • Urea
    • Amino acids
    • Creatin
    • Creatinin
    • Uric acid
    • Peptides
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3
Q

Topics to include in the essay

A
  1. Factors influencing EC and IC compartments
    • Osmotic pressure
    • Molarity
    • Osmolarity
    • Molality
    • Osmolality
    • Oncotic pressure
  2. Anelectrolite and electrolite components of the blood plasma
    • Aneclectrolite components of blood plasma
    • Electrolite in blood plasma
      • Quantity of plasma proteins
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4
Q

Factors influencing EC and IC compartments

Name the factors

A
  1. Osmotic pressure
  2. Molarity
  3. Osmolarity
  4. Molality
  5. Osmolality
  6. Oncotic pressure
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5
Q

Factors influencing the EC and IC compartments

Osmotic pressure

A
  • The major driving force
  • According to Van’t Hoff principle: ​P = C x R x T
    • P = ​Osmotic pressure
    • C = concentration of the dissolved substance
    • R = general gas constant
    • T = temperature
  • P = r x C x R x T
    • ​r = reflected coefficient
      • ​If r = 1 the membrane is semipermable
      • The reflection coefficient varies between 0 and 1
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6
Q

Factors influencing the EC and IC compartments

Molarity

A
  • Molarity: concentration of a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution​
  • Measured in mol/l
  • For anelectrolites
    • ​1 mol dissolved in 1 L = osmotic pressure of 2.27 MPa
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7
Q

Factors influencing the EC and IC compartments

Osmolarity

A
  • Osmolarity: the number of solute particles per 1 L of solvent
  • 1 osmol/l = 6x1023 dissolved substance / liter
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8
Q

Factors influencing the EC and IC compartments

Molality

A
  • Molality: the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
  • Measured in mol/kg
  • Correlated with freezing point depression
    • ​For anaelectrolites concentration is related to freezing point depression
    • For electrolites concentration should be multiplied by the dissociation constant
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9
Q

Factors influencing the EC and IC compartments

Osmolality

A
  • Measured in 1 osmol/kg = 6x1023 dissolved substance/kg solvent
  • Osmolality is the common index number for the osmotic effect of electrolites and anelectrolites
  • You can conclude to the real osmolality from the freezing point depression
  • For dilute anelectolite solutions:
    • Mosmol/kg = mmol/kg
  • For concentrated solution
    • Mosmol/kg = mmol/kg x g
      • g: osmotic coefficient
  • For complete dissociation
    • Mosoml/kg = mmol/kg x number of dissociated ions
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10
Q

Factors influencing the EC and IC compartments

Oncotic pressure

A
  • Oncotic or colloidosmotic pressure
  • Pressure maintained by proteins and colloid particles
  • Medical definition: The pressure exerted by plasma proteins on the capillary wall
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11
Q

Anelectrolite components of the blood plasma

Name the anelectrolite components of the blood plasma

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Urea
  3. Non-protein nitrogen (NPN)
    • Urea
    • Amino acids
    • Creatin
    • Creatinin
    • Uric acid
    • Peptides
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12
Q

Anelectrolite components of the blood plasma

Give the amount of glucose in:

  1. Monogastric animals
  2. Ruminants
  3. Birds
A
  1. Monogastric animals: 5 mmol/l
  2. Ruminants: 2-4 mmol/l
  3. Birds: 10 mmol/l
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13
Q

Anelectrolite components of the blood plasma

Give the amount of urea

A

3-10 mmol/l

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14
Q

Anelectrolite components of the blood plasma

Give the amount of non-protein nitrogen (NPN)

A

15-25 mmol/l

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15
Q

Electrolite components of the blood plasma

Name the electrolites in blood plasma

A
  • Plasma cations
    • ​Na+ (140 mmol/l)
    • K+
    • Mg2+
    • Ca2+
  • ​Plasma anions
    • Cl-(110 mmol/l)
    • HCO3-
    • Protein
    • Phosphate
    • Sulphate
    • Organic acid
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16
Q

Electrolite components of the blood plasma

What is the total electrolyte concentration?

A

280 mmol/kg

Physiology final exam (111 decks)

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