Thalamus/Cerebellum - 2 star, lower yield

Question 1

Ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus relay

Answer 1

sensory signal from body via ML and Spinothalamic tract relayed to cortex

Question 2

Ventral posteromedial (VPM) nucleus relay

Answer 2

trigeminothalamic and taste signals relayed to somatosensory cortex

Question 3

lateral geniculate nucleus relay

Answer 3

regional (visual information) relayed to occipital lobe

Question 4

medial geniculate nucleus relay

Answer 4

inferior colliculus (auditory information ) relayed to primary auditory cortex

Question 5

Anterior nucleus relay

Answer 5

Mammillothalamic tract relayed to cingulate gyrus (part of Papez circuit)

Question 6

Medial dorsal nucleus relay

Answer 6

communications with prefrontal cortex

memory loss if destroyed

Question 7

Ventral lateral nucleus relay

Answer 7

cerebellum (dentate nucleus) and basal ganglia relay to motor cortex

regulates movement

Question 8

Ventral anterior nucleus relay

Answer 8

Basal ganglia relay to prefrontal, premotor, and orbital cortices

Question 9

Flow of information through cerebellum

Answer 9

inputs from cerebral cortex and spinal cord to cerebellar cortex to deep nuclei of cerebellum to output targets

Question 10

Deep nuclei of cerebellum medial to lateral

Answer 10

“fast gerbils exercise daily”

Fastigal
Globose
Emboli form
Dentate (looks like teeth, squiggly)

Question 11

Major output pathway from cerebellum

Answer 11

superior cerebellar peduncle to contarlateral ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus

Question 12

Motor deficit seen with lesion of cerebellum

Answer 12

Ipsilateral motor control issue

“double contralateral” –> ipsilateral

Output of cerebellum to CONTRAlateral thalamus –> cortex –> corticospinal tract –> cross at medulla to the CONTRAlateral body (to cortex)

Question 13

Function and effect of lesion to vestibulocerebellum

Answer 13

balance and equilibrium

lesion: dysequilibrium, difficulty w/ balance, truncal ataxia, nystagmus

Question 14

Function and effect of lesion to Spinocerebellum

Answer 14

postural control of trunk
coordination of legs (upper vermis)

Lesion: postural instability, broad-based gait

Question 15

Function and effect of lesion to Cerebrocerebellum

Answer 15

control of extremities

Lesion: intension tremor, loss of coordination

Tests: rapid alternating movements for dysdiadochokinesia

finger to nose test - dysmetria

Question 16

Resting tremor

Answer 16

occurs at rest, not with movement

assoc w/ parkinson dz

Question 17

Intention tremor

Answer 17

tremor w/ voluntary movements

assoc w/ damage to cerebrocerebellum

Question 18

Essential tremor definition

Answer 18

tremors w/ movement and at rest

assoc w/ family hx of tremor

Question 19

Features of Essential (familial) tremor

Answer 19

Rapid, fine tremor of head, hand, arms, and/or voice
occurs w/ mouvement and at rest

50% family hx of tremor

tx w/ b-blocker (propranolol), primidone (anti convulsant), or worse case clonazepam

some self medicate w/ alcohol

Question 20

Basal ganglia lesion

Answer 20

hypokinesis - parkinsons

hyperkinesis - chorea

Question 21

Sub thalamic nucleus lesion

Answer 21

hemiballismus - involuntary flailing of one arm