Teratogens Flashcards
ACEI and ARBs
renal failure, oligohydraminos
Aminoglycosides
ototoxicity
Fluoroquinolones
cartilage damage
Tetracyclines
discolored teeth
Cyclophosphamide
ear/facial anomalies
limb hypoplasia
absence of digits
Methotrexate
neural tube defects, abortion
Carbamazepine
neural tube defects - give folic acid supplements
Valproic acid
neural tube defects - give folic acid supplements
Phenytoin
fetal hydantoin syndrome
Lithium
Epstein anomaly
Statins
CNS and limb abnormalities
Warfarin
bone/cartilage defects, nasal hypoplasia
Isotretinoin
spontaneous aborption
heart and parathyroid defects
skin, CNS problems
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
clear cell vaginal adenocarcinoma
Thalidomide
phocomelia - severe hypoplasia of limbs - flipper babies
Ionizing radiation
CNS malformations (early), malignancy (late)
Excess Vit A
spontaneous abortion, microcephaly, cardiac defects
interfere w/ neural crest cell migration or HOX gene expression
Maternal DM
cardiac defects, neural tube defects, caudal regression syndrome
Maternal iodine deficiency
congenital hypothyroidism - cretinism
Nicotine
placental abruption, low birth weight, IUGR
Cocaine
Placental abruption, low birth weight, IUGR
Alcohol
fetal alcohol syndrome:
Facial abnormalities - narrow eye openings, wide set eyes, smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, cleft palate
intellectual disability
microcephaly
Holoprosencephaly - cycloptic midline eye
