Pediatrics Flashcards
Low birth weight
Under 2500 g
Increased risk of: Neonatal respiratory distress sn Necrotizing entercolitis Intraventricular hemorrhages Persistent fetal circulation Infections, sepsis SIDS
Neonatal meningitis causes
Group B strep
E coli
Listeria
Tx empirically w/ ampicillin + gentamycin
Neonatal pneumonia causes
Group B strep
E coli
Tx empirically w/ ampicillin + gentamycin
Sudden infant death syndrome
Prevalent in low birth weight and premies #1 cause infant mortality from 1 mo to 1 yr
usually 2-4 mo
while sleeping
maternal risk factors: low socioeconomic status, under 20, drugs or cigarettes during pregnancy
Infant risk factors: low birth wt, male, prematurity, prone sleeping position, prior sibling w/ SIDS
Preventive measures:
“back to Sleep” campaign, avoid co-sleeping and smoke exposure, breastfeeding, use of pacifier when sleeping, fan in the room
airway obstruction:
external: pillows, bedding
Internal: floppy airways, mucus
Tanner stage 1
Boy genitalia: prepubertal
Girl breast development: prepubertal
Pubic hair: prepubertal
Tanner stage 2
Boy genitalia: enlargement of scrotum and testes – coarsening of skin of scrotum
Girl breast development: bud with elevation of breast and papilla, areola enlarges
Pubic hair: sparse long, slightly pigmented hair
Tanner stage 3
Boy genitalia: enlargement of penis (length first)
Girl breast development: further enlargement
Pubic hair: darker, coarser and more curled
Tanner stage 4
Boy genitalia: penis: growth in breadth and development of glans; testes: enlarge, scrotum: larger and darker
Girl breast development: areola and papilla form a secondary mound above the level of the breast
Pubic hair: adult hair in type and covering but smaller area
Tanner stage 5
Boy genitalia: adult
Girl breast development: mature- only papilla projects as areola recesses
Pubic hair: adult in type and quantity – medial thigh
Neoplasms in children
ALL Astrocytoma Neuroblastoma Hemangioma Wilms tumor Hepatoblastoma Retinoblastoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Ewing sarcoma Osteogenic sarcoma Lymphoma (lymphoblastic) Teratoma
