Helminths and ectoparasites Flashcards

1
Q

Nematodes ingested

A

“EAT”
Enterobius vermicularis
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichinella spiralis

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2
Q

Nematodes through skin

A

“SANd”
Stronygloides
Ancylostoma
Necator

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3
Q

Cestodes “tapeworms”

A

Taenia solium
Diphyllobothrium latum
Echinococcus granulosus

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4
Q

Trematodes “flukes”

A

Schistosoma
Paragonimus westermani
Clonorchis sinensis

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5
Q

Nematode not GI involved

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

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6
Q

Ectoparasites

A

Lice, scabies, bedbugs

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7
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

Pin worm
Female worm lays eggs at anus -> anal pruritis

Dx: scotch tape test

Benzimidazoles: albendazole, mebendazole
pyrantel pamoate

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8
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Round worm

Eggs released into stool – 200K /day
Ingested eggs hatch in intestine
Released larvae penetrate bowel, travel to lungs
Larvae migrate up trachea to oropharynx -> swallowed
Worms mature in intestine -> eggs released in stool

Causes Loffler eosinophilic pneumonitis
-dyspnea

tx: Benzimidazole: mebendazole, albendazole
pyrantel pamoate

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9
Q

Trichinella spiralis

A

Undercooked meat – pork, wild game

Larvae migrate from GI to muscles
Myositis
Fever
Eosinophilia
Periorbital edema

Tx: benzimidazole

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10
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Larvae in soil penetrate skin of feet -> enter blood stream -> lung -> swallowed -> GI tract

Tx: ivermectin, albendazole

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11
Q

Ancylostoma and Necator

A

Hook worms

Penetrate skin of feet -> vasculature -> lungs -> oropharynx -> intestines

Hook into intestinal wall and suck blood
Abdominal discomfort, anemia

Tx: benzimidazoles: albendazole, mebendazole
Pyrantel pamoate

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12
Q

Taenia solium

A

“pork tapeworm”
ingestion of larvae in undercooked pork
-GI tract infection by adult worm
-2-8 m long, lives 10-20 yrs

ingest eggs in contaminated food or water

  • > larval infection: cysticercosis: muscles, brain (swiss cheese)
  • immigrant w/ new seizure or CNS and psych problems

Tx:Albendazole, praziquantel, dexamethasone (protect CNS from worse sx from dying larvae)

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13
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

A

“fish tapeworm”

larvae ingested in raw fish
-> B12 deficiency -> megaloblastic anemia

tx: praziquantel

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14
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A

“dog tapeworm”
transmitted through dog feces
eggs hatch in intestines -> larval cysts in parenchyma
cysts in liver, lungs can leak fluid -> anaphylaxis

tx: surgery

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15
Q

Schistosoma

A

“blood fluke”
eggs released -> larvae mature in freshwater snails -> cercaria penetrate skin -> swimmers itch

migrate to lungs or liver to mature

  • Mesenteric vessels – S. mansoni
  • Lower urinary tract – S. haematobium

Can cause portal htn and splenomegaly w/ obstruction of portal v.

S. haematobium assoc w/ squamous cell carcinoma of bladder
-Egyptian w/ hematuria

Tx: praziquantel

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16
Q

Paragonimus westermani

A

“lung fluke”
adult flukes live in lung -> chronic bronchitis, hemoptysis

acquired from undercooked crab meat

tx: praziquantel

17
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

A

“liver fluke”
undercooked fish

lives in biliary tract -> pigmented gallstones
Assoc w/ Cholangiocarcinoma

Tx: praziquantel, albendazole

18
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti

A

Round worm – not GI tract parasite
-> elephantiasis
transmitted by mosquitos
migrate to lymphatics -> inflammation and obstruction

aka filarial

tx: diethylcarbamazine

19
Q

Lice

A

Pediculosis capitus
Pediculosis pubis – crabs

Scalp pruritis
Feed several times/day – die w/in 2 days if don’t eat

20
Q

Crabs

A

Sexual contact
Pubic hair, eyelashes, eyebrows
Pruritis
Screen for STDs

21
Q

Scabies

A

Mite burrows under skin
Sexual contact, close contact

Webbing between fingers, wrists, ankles, periumbicial area, penis

Severe pruritis

  • small papules where mite entered skin
  • linear burrows

tx: permethrin cream, ivermectin

22
Q

Bedbugs

A

Small, thin
Blood meal – can go MONTHS w/o eating
Can travel 100 ft in a night