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(DIT) Rapid Fire + 4/5 Stars > Rapid Fire > Flashcards

Rapid Fire Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of neural tube defects

A

Folate deficiency

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2
Q

Most common preventable cause of congenital malformations in the US

A

etOH use in pregnancy

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3
Q

Hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation

A

Marfans - fibrillin defect

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4
Q

Hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss

A

Alport syndrome - type IV collagen defect

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5
Q

“Worst headache of my life”

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

ruptured berry aneurysm:

  • most common site anterior communicating a.
  • Associated with APCKD (look in the kidney), Ehlers Danlos
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6
Q

Lucid interval following head trauma

A

epidural hematoma

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7
Q

Bloody CSF on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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8
Q

Most common cause of subdural hematoma

A

rupture bridging veins

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9
Q

Most common cause of epidural hematoma

A

rupture MMA

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10
Q

Most common cause of dementia

A

Alzheimers

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11
Q

Second most common cause of dementia

A

Vascular dementia

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12
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposits in gray matter

A

Abeta- alzheimers

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13
Q

Intracellular deposits of hyperphopshorylated tau protein

A

Neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimers

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14
Q

Intracellular spherical aggregates of tau protein on silver stain

A

Pick bodies - frontotemporal dementia

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15
Q

Amyloid deposits in gray matter of the brain

A

senile plaques - Alzheimers

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16
Q

Drooling farmer

A

organophosphate poisoning - atropine is the antidote

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17
Q

Continuous, machinery-like heart murmur

A

PDA

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18
Q

“Boot shaped heart”

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy - Tetralogy of Fallot

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19
Q

Rib notching

A

coarctation of aorta

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20
Q

Most common congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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21
Q

Most common congenital cause of early cyanosis

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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22
Q

Bounding pulses, head bobbing, diastolic murmur

A

Aortic regurgitation

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23
Q

Continuous, machine-like murmur

A

PDA

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24
Q

Bone enlargement, bone pain, arthritis

A

Paget disease of bone

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25
Q

Vertebral compression fractures

A

Osteoporosis

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26
Q

Swollen, hard, painful finger joints

A

Osteoarthritis

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27
Q

Swollen, boggy, painful finger joints

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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28
Q

Cartilage erosion with polished bone beneath

A

eburnation seen in osteoarthritis

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29
Q

Swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint

A

gout

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30
Q

positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals

A

pseudogout

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31
Q

negatively birefringement needle-shaped crystals

A

gout

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32
Q

Bamboo spine on xray

A

alkalizing spondylitis

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33
Q

HLA-B27

A

Seronegative spondyloarthropathies:

“PAIR” psoriatic arthritis, alkylosing spondylitis, IBD spondylitis, reactive arthritis

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34
Q

“Pencil in cup” deformity on XR of the finger

A

psoriatic arthritis

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35
Q

Anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA Ab

A

SLE

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36
Q

Anti-histone Ab

A

drug-induced SLE

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37
Q

Anti-centromere Ab

A

CREST (limited) scleroderma

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38
Q

Anti-topoisomerase Ab

A

Diffuse scleroderma

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39
Q

Anti-Jo 1 Ab

A

Polymyositis/dermatomyositis

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40
Q

Anti-Ro Ab

A

Sjogrens

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41
Q

Arthritis, dry mouth, and dry eyes

A

Sjogrens

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42
Q

Keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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43
Q

Most common malignant skin tumor

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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44
Q

Positive anterior drawer sign of knee

A

ACL damage

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45
Q

Tenderness in anatomical snuffbox

A

scaffoid fracture

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46
Q

Stolen, hard, painful finger joints

A

OA

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47
Q

Swollen, boggy, painful finger joints

A

RA

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48
Q

Cartilage erosion with polished bone beneath

A

eburnation seen in OA

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49
Q

Swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint

A

gout

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50
Q

positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals

A

calcium pyrophosphate crystal of pseudo gout - blue color

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51
Q

Negatively birefringent needle-snapped crystals

A

monosodium urate crystal of gout - yellow color

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52
Q

Bamboo spine on xray

A

alkalizing spondylitis

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53
Q

HLA-B27

A 
seronegative spondyloarthropathies:
Psoriatic arthritis
Alkalizing spondylitis
IBD spondylitis
reactive arthritis
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54
Q

“Pencil in cup” deformity on X-ray of finger

A

psoriatic arthritis

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55
Q

Anti-smith and anti-dsDNA Abs

A

SLE

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56
Q

Anti-histone Ab

A

drug-induced SLE

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57
Q

Anti-centromere Ab

A

CREST - limited scleroderma

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58
Q

Anti-topoisomerase Ab

A

diffuse scleroderma

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59
Q

Anti-Jo1 Ab

A

polymyositis/dermatomyositis

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60
Q

Anti-Ro Ab

A

Sjogrens

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61
Q

Arthritis, dry mouth, dry eyes

A

Sjogrens

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62
Q

Keratin pearls on skin bx

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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63
Q

Most common malignant skin tumor

A

basal cell carcinoma

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64
Q

main artery of the pelvis

A

internal iliac a

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65
Q

main nerve of pelvis

A

pudendal n

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66
Q

“bag of worms” scrotum

A

varicocele

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67
Q

most common cancer in men

A

prostate cancer

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68
Q

most common cause of urinary obstruction in men

A

BPH

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69
Q

most common treatment of ED

A

phosphodiesterase inhibitors

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70
Q

hepatic adenoma

A

OCP use

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71
Q

“Grape like” vaginal tumor

A

sarcoma botryoides

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72
Q

Koilocytes

A

HPV

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73
Q

Most common benign tumor in women

A

Leiomyoma

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74
Q

“Chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

endometrioma - endometriosis w/ ovary involvement

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75
Q

“Powder burn” lesion

A

endometriosis implants

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76
Q

Most common cause of infertility in women

A

PCOS

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77
Q

Mid cycle pelvic pain assoc w/ ovulation

A

Mittelschmerz

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78
Q

Ovarian tumor + ascites + hydrothorax

A

Meigs syndrome - fibromas

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79
Q

Teratoma –> hyperthyroidism

A

struma ovarii

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80
Q

“snowstorm” appearance on US

A

hydatidiform mole

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81
Q

Most common genetic cause of intellectual disability

A

down syndrome

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82
Q

second most common genetic cause of intellectual disability

A

fragile X syndrome

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83
Q

Horseshoe kidney, congenital heart defects, streak ovaries, and cystic hygroma

A

Turners syndrome

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84
Q

Rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaly w/ prominent occiput and small jaw

A

Edward Syndrome - trisomy 18

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85
Q

Most common cancer in women in US

A

breast cancer -invasive ductal carcinoma

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86
Q

most common benign breast tumor

A

fibroadenoma

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87
Q

most common malignant breast tumor

A

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

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88
Q

blue dome cyst in the breast

A

fibrocystic change

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89
Q

treatment for ER+ breast cancer

A

tamoxifen - risk of endometrial cancer

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90
Q

Red, itchy, swollen rash on areola and nipple

A

Paget dz of breast

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91
Q

Treatment for absence seizures

A

ethosuximide

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92
Q

Toe extension upon stimulating the sole of the foot with a blunt instrument

A

Plantar (Babinski) reflex

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93
Q

Newborn with arm paralysis following a difficult labor

A

Erb-duchenne palsy

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94
Q

Dysphagia, glossitis, iron deficiency anemia

A

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

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95
Q

Hematemesis with retching

A

Mallory-Weiss Tear

If severe - Boerhaave syndrome

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96
Q

Eczema, recurrent cold abscesses, high serum IgE

A

Hyper IgE syndrome (Job syndrome)

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97
Q

Large phagosomal vesicles in neutrophils

A

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

98
Q

Mucin-filled cell with a peripheral nucleus

A

Signet ring cell (gastric adenoma, Krukenberg ovarian met, LCIS/invasive lobular carcinoma of breast)

99
Q

MC type of stomach cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

100
Q

ovarian met from gastric cancer

A

Krukenberg tumor

101
Q

Gastric ulcerations and high gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison Sn

102
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated w/ elevated ICP or head trauma

A

Cushing Ulcer

103
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated w/ severe burns

A

curling ulcer

104
Q

Wt loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy, and hyperpigmentation

A

Whipple disease

105
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin antibodies

A

celiac disease

106
Q

Vitamin given to pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects

A

Folic acid

107
Q

Most common surgical emergency

A

appendicitis

108
Q

Severe RLQ pain w/ rebound tenderness

A

McBurney’s point

109
Q

GI hamartomas, hyperpigmentation of the mouth and hands

A

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

110
Q

Multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors

A

Gardner syndrome

111
Q

“Apple core” lesion on barium enema

A

colon cancer

112
Q

Most common site of colonic diverticula

A

sigmoid colon

113
Q

“string sign” on contrast XR

A

crohn’s disease

114
Q

“Lead pipe” appearance of colon on contrast XR

A

Ulcerative colitis

115
Q

Severe hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate

A

Crigler Najjar Syndrome Type I

116
Q

Mild, benign hyperbilirubinemia

A

Gilbert Syndrome

117
Q

Hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites

A

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

118
Q

Green/yellow corneal deposits

A

Wilson dz

119
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson dz

120
Q

Cirrhosis, diabetes, hyper pigmentation

A

hemachromatosis

121
Q

Chronic sinusitis, infertility, and situs inversus

A

Kartagener Syndrome

122
Q

Chest pain, pericardial friction rub, persistent fever occurring several weeks after MI

A

Dressler Sn

123
Q

Splinter hemorrhages under fingernails

A

infective endocarditis

124
Q

Retinal hemorrhages w/ pale centers

A

Roth spots - infective endocarditis

125
Q

Heart valve most commonly involved in infective endocarditis

A

Mitral valve

126
Q

Heart valve most commonly involved in an IV drug user w/ infective endocarditis

A

Tricuspid valve

127
Q

Granulomatous nodules in the heart

A

Aschoff bodies - rheumatic heart disease

128
Q

MC primary cardiac tumor in adults

A

Left atrial myxoma

129
Q

MC primary cardiac tumor in children

A

Rhabdomyoma

130
Q

MC cause of constrictive pericarditis

A

US: lupus

developing countries - TB

131
Q

c-ANCA

A

granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis

132
Q

p-ANCA

A

Churg-Strauss (eosinophilic granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis)

microscopic polyangiitis

133
Q

Tx for thromboangiitis obliterans

A

smoking cessation

134
Q

Tx for giant cell arteritis

A

High dose steroids

135
Q

Branching, filamentous, gram + rods w/ sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

136
Q

Standard treatment for T palladium

A

PCN G

137
Q

Cellulitis from dog or cat bite

A

Pasturella multocida

138
Q

a non-painful indurated ulcerated genital lesions

A

chancre of primary syphilis

139
Q

moist, smooth, flat, white genital lesion

A

condylomata lata - secondary syphilis

140
Q

large bull’s eye rash

A

erythema migrans - lyme dz

141
Q

Associated w/ Ghon focus or Ghon complex

A

primary TB

142
Q

Associated w/ lung infiltrate in the apical-posterior segments of upper lobes of lung

A

reactivation TB

143
Q

Standard initial treatment of TB

A 
2 mo: "RIPE"
Rifampin
Isoniazid + Vit B6
Pyrazimamide
Ethambutol

4 mo: Isoniazid + Vit B 6, rifampin

144
Q

“Strawberry” cervix

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

145
Q

Clue cells

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

146
Q

Bacteria w/ school of fish appearance

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

147
Q

Dark purple lesions on skin in an HIV patient

A

Kaposi sarcoma HHV8

148
Q

Temporal lobe encephalitis

A

HSV1

149
Q

“Owl’s eye” inclusion in organ tissue

A

CMV

150
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplets

A

Type A cowry - HSV, VZV, CMV

151
Q

Aplastic anemia in sickle cell patient

A

Parvovirus B19

152
Q

Child with fever and “slapped cheek” rash on the face that spreads to his body

A

Fifth dz - parvovirus B19

153
Q

Fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis, and diffuse rash

A

rubeola (measles)

154
Q

Small, irregular, blue-gray spots on buccal mucosa, surrounded by a base of red

A

Koplick’s spots (measles)

155
Q

Dark purple nodules on skin in an HIV pt

A

Kaposi sarcoma

156
Q

Large cells w/ owl’s eye inclusions

A

CMV

157
Q

Treatment for CMV

A

Ganciclovir

158
Q

MC opportunistic infection in HIV pts

A

PCP - pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

159
Q

Drug used to prevent Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

TMP-SMX

160
Q

Treatment for oral candidiasis

A

nystatin, fluconazole

161
Q

MC opportunistic infection in HIV patients

A

pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

162
Q

Prophylaxis for pneumocystis pneumonia in AIDS pts

A

TMP-SMX at CD4 less than 200

163
Q

Tx for systemic candidiasis

A

Fluconazole

Amphotericin B, echinocandin

164
Q

Treatment for sporothrix schenchii

A

Itraconazole

Potassium iodide

165
Q

Ring enhancing brain lesion in HIV pt

A

Toxoplasma gondii

166
Q

Tx for Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole

167
Q

MC protozoal diarrhea

A

Giardia lamblia

168
Q

Elevated D dimer

A

PE, DVT

169
Q

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, stasis of blood

A

Virchow’s triad

170
Q

Blue bloater

A

Hypoxemia, hypercapnia – Chronic bronchitis

171
Q

Pink puffer

A

Dyspnea, hyperventilation – emphysema

172
Q

Curshmann spirals

A

Shed epithelium from mucus glands - asthma

173
Q

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis

174
Q

Antiglomerular BM Abs

A

Good pasture Sn

175
Q

Honeycomb lung on CT

A

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

176
Q

“Tennis Racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles

A

Birbeck granules in Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

177
Q

Iron-containing nodules in the alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies – asbestosis

178
Q

Lung cancer associated with SIADH

A

Smal cell lung cancer

179
Q

Tumor assoc w/ Horner Sn

A

Pancoast tumor

180
Q

Lung cancer assoc w/ hypercalcemia

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of lung

181
Q

Lung cancer associated w/ Cushing Sn

A

Small cell lung cancer

182
Q

Lung cancer assoc w/ weakness

A

Small cell lung cancer

183
Q

Substances associated w/ lung cancer

A

Smoke, radon, silica, asbestosis

184
Q

A boy with self mutilating behavior, intellectual disability and gout

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

185
Q

Orotic acid in urine with elevated serum ammonia

A

Ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiency

186
Q

Orotic acid in the urine w/ normal serum ammonia

A

Orotic aciduria

187
Q

Megaloblastic anemia that does not improve with folate and B12

A

Orotic aciduria

188
Q

Bluish-colored lines on gingivae

A

Burton’s lines (lead poisoning)

189
Q

Treatment of choice for rickets and osteomalacia

A

Vit D

190
Q

Swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucous membranes, spots on skin

A

Scurvy (Vit C deficiency)

191
Q

MC vitamin deficiency in US

A

Folate deficiency – B9

192
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia – B12/folate B9

193
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy

A

Wet Beriberi – vit B1 deficiency

194
Q

MC class of medication for bulimia

A

SSRI- fluoxetine

195
Q

MC medication for ADHD

A

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

196
Q

Medical tx for alcohol withdrawal

A

Benzodiazepines

197
Q

Atrophy of mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy

Korsakoff Sn

198
Q

Treatment for central DI

A

desmopressin - intranasal

199
Q

Treatment for nephrogenic DI

A

HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride

200
Q

Tx for lithium-induced nephrogenic DI

A

amiloride

201
Q

Inability to breastfeed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance

A

Sheehan Sn

202
Q

Infertility, galactorrhea, and bitemporal hemianopia

A

Prolactinoma

203
Q

MC causes of cushing syndrome

A
  1. exogenous steroid use
  2. ectopic ACTH secretion
  3. ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma – Cushing Dz
  4. Adrenal tumor that secretes cortisol
204
Q

MC cause of primary hyperaldosteronism

A

Adrenal adenoma

205
Q

Medical tx for hyperaldosteronism

A

Spironolactone or eplerenone

206
Q

Adrenal dz assoc w/ skin hyperpigmentation

A

Addison dz

207
Q

HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn Sn – primary hyperaldosteronism

208
Q

MC tumor of adrenal gland

A

Benign, non-functioning adrenal adenoma

209
Q

MC tumor of adrenal medulla in adults

A

Pheochromocytoma

210
Q

MC tumor of ardrenal mdulla in kids

A

Neuroblastoma

211
Q

Medical tx for pheochromocytoma

A

Nonselective alpha blocker – phenoxybenzamine

212
Q

Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, hyperparathyroidism

A

MEN2A

213
Q

Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, and mucosal neuromas

A

MEN2B

214
Q

MC thyroid cancer

A

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

215
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei

A

Orphan Annie Eyes nucleus – papillary thyroid carcinoma

216
Q

Most likely electrolyte abnormality with perioral tingling, perioral paresthesias, recent thyroidectomy

A

Hypocalcemia

217
Q

MC cause of hypercalcemia

A

Primary hyperthyroidism

218
Q

MC cause of primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Parathyroid adenoma

219
Q

MC cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Chronic renal failure

220
Q

MC cause of hypoparathyroidism

A

Accidental parathyroidectomy

221
Q

Facial muscle spasm when tapping on cheek

A

Chvostek sign

222
Q

Parathyroid, pancreatic, and pituitary tumors

A

MEN1

223
Q

Preferred anticoagulant for immediate anticoagulation

A

Heparin or LMW heparin

224
Q

Preferred anticoagulant for long term anticoagulation

A

Warfarin

225
Q

Preferred anticoagulant during pregnancy

A

Heparin or LMW heparin

226
Q

Causes of hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency, thalassemia
Lead poisoning
Anemia of chronic dz

227
Q

Skull xray shows “hair on end” appearance

A

Beta thalassemia

Sickle cell dz

228
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning

229
Q

Cold temperatures -> painful cyanosis of the fingers and toes with hemolytic anemia

A

Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia

230
Q

Red urine in the morning and fragile RBCs

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

231
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies – asplenia

232
Q

Autosplenectomy

A

Sickle cell disease

233
Q

Drug used to treat sickle cell disease

A

Hydroxyurea

234
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Immune thrombocytopenia

235
Q

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier disease

236
Q

MC inherited bleeding disorder

A

Von Willebrande dz

237
Q

Cancer MC associated w/ noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

238
Q

Sheets of lymphoid cells, “starry sky” appearance

A

Burkitt lymphoma

239
Q

Large B cells with bilobed nuclei and prominent “owl’s eye” inclusions

A

Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin lymphoma

240
Q

Smudge cells

A

CLL

241
Q

Reddish-pink rods in cytoplasm of leukemic blasts

A

Auer Rods (AML)

(DIT) Rapid Fire + 4/5 Stars (162 decks)

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