Oropharynx Flashcards
Cleft lip
failure of maxillary and medial nasal processes to fuse
cause: genetic syndrome, toxins, folate deficiency
Cleft palate
failure of lateral palatine processes, nasal septum, and median palatine processes to fuse
cause: genetic syndrome, toxins, folate deficiency
Draw out Taste, Sensation, Motor to tongue
Page 410
Anterior 2/3 - 1st (and 2nd) branchial arch
-VII taste, V3 sensation
Posterior 1/3 - 3rd and 4th branchial arch
- IX for taste and sensation
- X for very posterior area
Motor: XII - hypoglossal N.
glossitis
inflammation of tongue caused by Vit B and iron deficiencies
beefy red, smooth
Leukoplakia
areas of keratosis, more common in smokers
mucus membranes
oral thrush
Candida albicans
infancy and immunocompromised
Oral herpes
HSV1 primarily (rare HSV2)
Aphthous ulcers
painful ulcer assoc w/ trauma, citrus fruits, stress, food allergies, vit b12 deficiency, Behcet’s and Crohn’s dz
Salivary glands
parotid - watery
submandibular gland
Sublingual gland - most mucinous
Function of salivary glands
alpha-amylase - breakdown starch bicarbonate mucins - lubircate food IgA - antibacterial growth factors for epithelial cell turnover
Sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of salivary glands
Sympathetic - thick secretions
-superior cervical ganglion
Parasympathetic - watery
-CN VII and IX
Xerostomia
severe drying of mouth, assoc w/ Sjogren’s
Sialolithiasis
stones blocking salivary gland duct
tx w/ sour candy
stinson duct of parotid
Sialadenitis
MC bacteria S. aureus and viridian’s group streptococci
Pleomorphic adenoma
MC
epithelial and mesenchymal cells
benign
can lead to facial nerve injury
women 20-40s
warthin tumor
second MC benign tumor
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
MC malignant tumor, second MC overall
Salivary gland tumor location probability of malignancy
parotid less than 30% malignant
sublingual >70% malignant
other glands between
Infectious rhinitis
common cold
coronavirus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, echovirus
Allergic rhinitis
triggered by airborne allergens
tx w/ intranasal steroids
Nasal polyps
overgrowth of mucosa
tx intranasal steroids
Cocaine
potent vasoconstrictor - cause perforation of nasal mucosa
Eustachian tube dysfunction
blocked by mucus or inflammation
tx intranasal steroids
paranasal sinuses
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
maxillary
Sinusitis
facial pain
fever
purulent nasal discharge
Tonsilitis
caused by S. pyogenes
Recurrent –> tonsillectomy +/- adenoidectomy
if too large can cause OSA –> tonsillectomy
