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(DIT) Rapid Fire + 4/5 Stars > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Carpals

A

“So long to pink, here comes the thumb” (proximal then distal)

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform
hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

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2
Q

Radial Nerve motor innervation

A 
Motor:  "BEST"
Triceps brachii (medial and lateral head) - extend forearm

Deep branch of radial n.:
Brachioradialis (flexes forearm, supinates, pronates)
Extensor carpi radialis longus (extends wrist)
Supinator (supinates)

Posterior interosseous n.:
-Extensor digitorum, extensor pollicis longus + other extensors (extend wrist and digits)

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3
Q

Radial n. sensation

A

posterior arm

dorsal side of hand

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4
Q

Ulnar N motor innervation

A

Flexor carpi lunaris - flex and adduct wrist
Flexor digitorum profundus - flex and adduct fingers

Hypothenar m. - control hand and 5th digit
3rd and 4th lumbricals - flex at MCP and extend IP joints
Interosseous - abducts and adducts digits
Adductor pollicis - adducts thumb

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5
Q

Ulnar N. sensation

A

5th digit and half of 4th digit

medial side of palm and dorsal hand

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6
Q

Median N. motor innervation

A

Thenar ms: Abductor policies brevis, opponents pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis

Pronator teres and protector quadrates - pronate hand
Flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus - flex forearm
Flexor digitorum superficial and lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus - flex wrist and digits
Flexor pollicis longus - flexes thumb
1st and 2nd lumbricals - flex MCP joints and extend IP joints

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7
Q

Median N. sensation

A

Lateral palm

First 3/12 digits and dorsal nailbeds

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8
Q

Musculocutaneous motor innervation

A

coracobrachialis, biceps, brachial - flex and supinate forearm

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9
Q

Musculocutaneous sensation

A

lateral side of forearm

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10
Q

Axillary motor innervation

A

deltoid - abducts shoulder
Long head of triceps - extends forearm
Teres minor - externally rotates arm

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11
Q

Axillary sensation

A

lateral shoulder

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12
Q

Long thoracic motor innervation

A

serratus anterior - holds scapula to thorax, abduction beyond 90 degrees

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13
Q

Long thoracic sensory innervation

A

NONE

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14
Q

Femoral n. motor innervation

A

psoas, iliaques, pectineus, sartorius - hip flexion

vastus lateralis, vastus intermedis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris - knee extension

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15
Q

Femoral n. sensation

A

anterior thigh

medial lower leg

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16
Q

Obturator n. motor innervation

A

adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis - hip adduction

Gracilis - knee flexion

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17
Q

Obturator n. sensation

A

medial thigh

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18
Q

Superior gluteal n. motor innervation

A

tensor fascia latae, gluteus medium, gluteus minimus - hip abduction, medial rotation

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19
Q

Superior gluteal n. sensation

A

NONE

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20
Q

Inferior gluteal n. motor innervation

A

gluteus maximus - hip extension and lateral rotation

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21
Q

inferior gluteal n. sensation

A

NONE

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22
Q

Sciatic nerve motor innervation

A

biceps femoris (tibial branch), semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor magnus - hip extension and knee flexion

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23
Q

Sciatic nerve sensation

A

posterior thighs and gluteal regions

entire lower leg except medial aspect

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24
Q

Tibial n. motor innervation

A

tibialis posterior - inversion of foot
gastrocnemius, soles, plantaris - plantar flexion
Popliteus - unlocks knee
Flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus - toe flexion

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25
Q

Tibial n sensation

A

sole of foot
back of calf - sural n.

tibial –> sural n. –> Medial and lateral plantar n.

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26
Q

Common fibular n. motor innervation

A

fibrularis longus, fibularis brevis, short head of biceps femoris

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27
Q

Common fibular n. sensation

A

lateral lower leg

dorsal side of foot

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28
Q

Deep fibular nerve motor innervation

A

fibularis tertius - foot eversion

Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus - foot dorsiflexion

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29
Q

Deep fibular nerve sensation

A

webbing between 1st and 2nd digits

30
Q

Diagram arteries of the leg

A

page 102

31
Q

Merkel nerve endings

A

myelinated slowly adapting receptors

static pressure, texture, position sense

skin layers - finger tips
hairy skin and hair follicles

look like melanocytes under microscope

32
Q

Meissner corpuscles

A

myelinated, rapidly adaptive receptors

light touch, dynamic changes

fingertips just beneath epidermis - superficial

33
Q

Ruffini endings

A

slowly adapting receptors

sense skin stretch, position sense - control of finger position and movement

subcutaneous tissue

spindle shaped

34
Q

Pacinian (lamellar) corpuscles

A

myelinated, rapidly adapting

Vibration and dynamic pressure

deeper tissues

onion like under microscope

35
Q

Free nerve endings - Adelta

A

myelinated - very fast

sharp prickly pain
cold temp

Epidermis

36
Q

Free nerve endings - Group C nerve fiber

A

unmyelinated, slow transmission

ANS - post ganglionic fibers

burning/dull pain - neuropathic
warmth

37
Q

Peripheral nerve layers

A

Epineurium - outside, dense connective tissue holding blood vessels

Perineurium- surround nerve fascicles

Endoneurium - surrounds individual nerve fibers

38
Q

Schwann cells

A

peripheral n. myelination
glia - support neurons
only myelinated one peripheral axon

saltitory conduction

39
Q

Layers of GI (lumen to outer)

A

Mucosa

  1. lamina propria
  2. muscular mucosa

Submucosa - contains messier plexus

Muscular externa

  1. circular m.
  2. Auerbach (myenteric) plexus
  3. Longitudinal m.

Serosa

40
Q

Muscle of esophagus

A

upper 1/3 sk.m.
middle 1/3 sk.m. and sm.m.
Lower 1/3 sm.m.

41
Q

Structure of spleen

A

Has a capsule

Red pulp - RBCs
White pulp (darker) - WBCs, lymphocytes dominate
-has central artery
-PALS (periarterial lymphatic sheath) contains T cells

Marginal zone between the white and red pulp contain APCs

42
Q

Gastrocolic ligament

A

greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon

43
Q

Ligaments cut in splenectomy

A
  1. gastrosplenic ligament - greater curvature of stomach to spleen
  2. splenorenal ligament - spleen to posterior abdominal wall and wall of peritoneal cavity
44
Q

Gastrohepatic ligament

A

lesser curvature of stomach to liver

cut through to access lesser sac

Contiguous w/ hepatoduodenal ligament

45
Q

Hepatoduodenal ligament

A

contains portal triad

  • hepatic A.
  • common bile duct
  • portal v.

can compress to control bleeding during surgery

46
Q

Falciform ligament

A

liver to anterior abdominal wall

47
Q

Retroperitoneal structures

A

“A DUCK PEAR”

Adrenal glands
Duodenum - parts 2-4
Urethers
Colon - ascending and descending
Kidneys
Pancreas - except tail
Aorta and IVC
Rectum
48
Q

Proximal to pectinate line

A

internal hemorrhoids

  • no sensation, not painful, can bleed
  • tx: outpt banding

Superior rectal A. off IMA
Venous to superior rectal v.

adenocarcinomas

49
Q

Distal to pectinate line

A

External hemorrhoids - very paifnul

squamous cell cancer - HPV 16, 18, 31

Inferior rectal A off internal pudendal a.

Venous –> inferior rectal v –> internal pudendal

Somatic innervation

50
Q

Portal triad

A

branches of portal v. hepatic a. - flowing away

bile ductule - flowing toward it

51
Q

Bile path

A

bile ductule –>. R/L hepatic duct –> common hepatic duct –> cystic duct –> gallbladder –> common bile duct –> ampula of Vater

52
Q

Structures transversing diaphragm and vertebral levels

A

“I 8 ten eggs aat 12”

T8: IVC

T10: esophagus, vagus

T12: aorta, azygous v., thoracic duct

53
Q

Conducting zone of airway

A 
nose
pharynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchiole
terminal bronchioles

No gas exchange
Anatomical deadspace
filters, warms, humidifies air

54
Q

Respiratory zone of airway

A

alveoli
Alveolar ducts
respiratory bronchioles

55
Q

Right vs left lung

A

Right:
3 lobes
MC inhaled or aspirated FB
-right mainstem bronchus wider and more vertical

Left:
2 lobes
lingula

56
Q

Bronchopulmonary segment

A

broncush
pulmonary a.
bronchial a.

Arteries are center of segment, venous drainage at periphery

10 in right: 3 upper, 2 middle, 5 lower
8-10 in left: 4-5 in each lobe

Segments separated by layer of connective tissue
-each discrete anatomical and functional unit
can be surgically removed w/o affecting function of other segments

57
Q

Anatomical vs physiological dead space

A

anatomical: conducting zone - normal
physiologic: anatomic dead space + pathology in respiratory zone causing no gas exchange

58
Q

Type 1 pneumocytes

A

simple squamous epithelial cells
97% surface - walls of alveoli
gas exchange

susceptible to toxic insults, unable to replicate

59
Q

Type 2 pneumocytes

A

larger, cuboidal
alveolar septal junction
3% of alveolar surface

secrete surfactant: dipalmitoyl phophotidylcholine

  • prevents atelectasis
  • decrease surface tension

replicate after lung damage - replace or transform to type I

60
Q

Uterine layers

A

Perimetrium - serosal layer
Myometrium - muscle layer
Endometrium - lining

61
Q

Endometrial layers

A 
Inner --> superficial
stratum basalis - does not shed
Stratum functionalis
1. stratum spongiosum
2. stratum compactum
62
Q

Proliferative endometrium

A

glands straight and tubular
stroma dense

estrogen driven

63
Q

Secretory endometrium

A

Glands dilated and tortuous -corkscrew shaped
stroma loos and edematous

progesterone driven

64
Q

Menstrual endometrium

A

fragmentation of glands

stroma breaking up

65
Q

Umbilical cord

A

two umbilical arteries (deoxygenated blood)
one umbilical vein (oxygenated)

surrounded by wharton’s jelly

66
Q

Layers of heart

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Pericardium

Perfused peri to endo

67
Q

Glomerular blood flow

A

Renal a -> hilum -> renal cortex -> glomeruli

Afferent a -> glomerular capillaries within bowman’s capsule -> efferent a.

68
Q

Glomerular filtration barrier

A

Capillary endothelium – fenestrated

Basement membrane – charged, prevents protein from leaving capillaries

Podocyte foot processes from bowman’s capsule – visceral layer

69
Q

Collecting duct system and ureters

A

Distal end of nephron

-> collecting tubules -> medullary pyramids -> renal pelvis -> ureters

Ureters run retroperitoneally

Join bladder at ureterovesicular junction (UVJ) – common site for renal stone obstruction

Ureters pass under uterine A/vas deferens
“Water under the bridge”

70
Q

JG cell renin secretion

A

B1-adrenergic stimulation
Low Na+ in distal convulated tubule
Low pressure in afferent arteriole

(DIT) Rapid Fire + 4/5 Stars (162 decks)

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