Markers and stains

Question 1

Cytokeratin

Answer 1

Epithelial cells - keratin in desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

Stain used to identify carcinoma

Question 2

Desmin

Answer 2

Muscle cells - smooth, skeletal and cardiac

Stain used to identify rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma

Question 3

Glial fibrillary acid proteins (GFAP)

Answer 3

Astrocytes, Schwann cells

Stain used to identify glioblastoma, pilocytic astrocytoma

Question 4

Neurofilaments (L, M, H)

Answer 4

Axons w/in neurons

Stain used to identify neuroblastoma

Question 5

Nuclear lamins (A,B,C)

Answer 5

nuclear envelop and DNA

Question 6

Vimentin

Answer 6

Use: supports cell membranes, keeps organelles fixed in cytoplasm

Found in connective tissue - fibroblasts, leukocytes, endothelium

Stain used to identify sarcomas

Question 7

Giemsa stain

Answer 7

Borrelia
Rickettsiae
Chlamydia
Plasmodium
Trypanosomes
Histoplasma

Question 8

Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS)

Answer 8

Stains glycogen and mycopolysaccharides

dz Whipple’s diz - Tropheryma whipplei (rods in M0)
DM - kidney
Glycogen storage disease
Pompe’s
GLycoproteins - alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
Paget’s dz of nipple - mucous stains - adenocarcinoma in epithelium
AML-M6 - erythroleukemia live off sugar -red cell leukemia

Question 9

Ziehl-Neelsen

Answer 9

Acid fast organisms

mycobacteria

Question 10

India Ink

Answer 10

fungus

cryptococcus neoformans

Question 11

Silver stain

Answer 11

Fungi - Pneumocystis jirovecii

Legionella

Question 12

Prussian blue

Answer 12

iron

Question 13

Congo red

Answer 13

amyloid

Question 14

Fite

Answer 14

acid fast bacilli

Question 15

Trichrome

Answer 15

cells and connective tissue

Question 16

Reticulin

Answer 16

collagen type III molecules