Test 4: 62-63 oral

Question 1

stage 1 periodontal dz

Answer 1

only gingivitis

Question 2

stage 2 periodontal dz

Answer 2

< 25% attachment loss, furcation I

Question 3

stage 3 periodontal disease

Answer 3

25-50% attachment loss, furcation II

Question 4

stage 4 periodontal disease

Answer 4

↑50% attachment loss, furcation III

Question 5

what is furaction

Answer 5

loss of bone between the roots

Question 6

tooth resporption in cats is caused by

Answer 6

Condition, commonly affecting cats, that cause destruction of the teeth and may cause replacement by osteoid
* Unknown cause
* Possible involvement of excessive vitamin D

Question 7

type 1 tooth resorption

Answer 7

inflammatory resorption

• periodontal ligament still present
• Treatment: extraction

cats

Question 8

type 2 tooth resorption

Answer 8

replacement resorption

periodontal ligament disappear and tooth become part of the turnover of the bone

Treatment: extraction or crown amputation and root retention

Question 9

Answer 9

type 1 tooth resorption in cats

Type I: inflammatory resorption
* periodontal ligament still present
Treatment: extraction

Question 10

Answer 10

type 2 tooth resorption

Treatment: extraction or crown amputation and root retention

Question 11

endodontic disease effects — and is caused by –

Answer 11

dental pulp

trauma and inflammtion →pulpitis → pulp necrosis

can reverse inflammation but once it reached necrosis it is irreversible

pink →purple →darkbrown

Question 12

how to treat endodontic diseas

Answer 12

pulpitis → pulp necrosis

Treatment: vital pulp therapy or root canal therapy

Question 13

xray of pulp necrosis will look

Answer 13

wide pulp cavity
and periapical lucency

Question 14

complicated tooth fracture

Answer 14

pulp affected

Question 15

uncomplicated tooth fracture

Answer 15

pulp not affected/exposed

Question 16

how to treat tooth fracture

Answer 16

Treatment:
– extraction
– endodontic treatment (root canal treatment or vital pulp therapy) if tooth is a good candidate (enough structure, function, good periodontal tissues)

Question 17

tooth luxation vs avulsion

Answer 17

luxation- out of place but still in socket

avulsion- out of socket

Question 18

how to treat evulsion or luxation

Answer 18

extraction and closure of the wound or replantation, stabilization and root canal treatment

Question 19

what can cause tooth abrasion

Answer 19

constant wear- toys, bars ect

• Repetitive trauma can cause also pulpitis
• Exposure of the dentin and the dentinal tubules can cause irritation of the pulp
• If wear of the tooth is too quick, it can cause pulp exposure

Question 20

attrition is caused by

Answer 20

malocclusion

tooth to tooth contact
Dentin responds with tertiary dentin production and deposition:
– Brown smooth surface

Question 21

unerupted teeth can lead to

Answer 21

dentigerous cysts (30-50%)

• Fluid filled cavity limited by epithelium
• Bone resorption and atrophy due to expansion of the cyst

Treatment: extraction of affected tooth and complete debridement of the epithelial lining.

Question 22

radicular cyst

Answer 22

• Cysts of odontogenic origin
• Caused by proliferation of epithelial cells (rests of
  Malassez) around the periapical area
• Teeth with pulpitis or pulp necrosis
• Cyst removal, marsupialization of the cyst and extraction of the tooth.

around erupted tooth- different from dentigerous cysts

Question 23

class 1 malocclusion

Answer 23

Dental malocclusion (Class I)
– Abnormal position of teeth in the dental arch but normal relationship between the maxilla and mandible

tooth in wrong position

Question 24

class 2 malocclusion

Answer 24

mandibular distocclusion

Abnormal jaw development- mandible shorter then maxilla

Question 25

class 3 malocclusion

Answer 25

mandibular mesiocclusion Abnormal jaw development- mandible longer then maxilla

Question 26

class 4 malocclusion

Answer 26

asymmetric malocclusion

Question 27

what causes gingival hyperplasia

Answer 27

* proliferation of the connective tissue of the gingiva * Brachycephalic dogs (familiar) * Inflammation (periodontal disease) * Drugs: – Anticonvulsants (phenytoin) – Cyclosporin – Calcium channel blockers (amlodipine, diltiazem) **Treatment**: gingivectomy and gingivoplasty

Question 28

feline chronic stomatitis causes

Answer 28

* Inflammation of the oral mucosa (beyond the mucogingival junction) due to dysregulation of the immune system * Can be proliferative in the oropharynx

Question 29

treatment for feline chronic stomatitis

Answer 29

* Professional dental cleaning * Extractions (selective/full mouth extractions * Glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, pain medication * Stem cells (study) ## Footnote inflammation from immune system problem

Question 30

what causes canine ulcerative stomatitis

Answer 30

* Inflammation of the oral mucosa in dogs * **T-cell mediated** (periodontitis is B-cell mediated) * Extremely painful

Question 31

treatment for canine ulcerative stomatitis

Answer 31

can progress to necrosis and osteomyelitis Treatment: * Professional dental cleaning, extractions * Oral home care * Antiinflammatory drugs * Cyclosporine and metronidazole

Question 32

causes of stomatitis

Answer 32

– Uremia – Electric cord injury – Contact with chemicals – Drug reactions -cyclosporins – Chronic ulcerative stomatitis

Question 33

eosinophilic granulomas occur where in dogs and cats

Answer 33

**Dogs**: – palate and tongue (small dogs) – lips (large breed dogs) **Cats** – ulcer in the lip – masses (lips, tongue) Can cause palate defects

Question 34

what direction is TMJ luxations in cats normally

Answer 34

**rostrodorsal** luxation * Mandible shifts towards the **opposite side** of the luxation and rostrally * Inability to close completely the mouth due to tooth to tooth contact * Treatment: Close reduction as soon as possible with a hexagonal wooden pencil between the ipsilateral carnassial teeth

Question 35

what causes open mouth jaw locking

Answer 35

certain breeds basset, persian ↑ laxity on TMJ or symphysis that causes displacement of the coronoid process laterally when the pet opens the mouth

Question 36

how to treat open mouth jaw locking

Answer 36

unlock (temporary) and coronoidectomy/zygomectomy

Question 37

intaarticular TMJ ankylosis

Answer 37

fusion of condylar process and mandibular fossa true ankylosis Fibrous/bony union between mandible and temporal bone or zygomatic arch, or maxilla that causes **inability to open the mouth**

Question 38

extraarticular TMJ ankylosis

Answer 38

**false ankylosis**: fusion of coronoid/zyg arch or other areas but the joint itself is not involved. * Fibrous/bony union between mandible and temporal bone or zygomatic arch, or maxilla that causes **inability to open the mouth**

Question 39

craniomandibular osteopathy

Answer 39

**Developmental disease** during the growing period that causes periosteal proliferation in mandibles, tympanic bulla, occipital crest * Westie * Can be very painful and cause respiratory obstruction * Treatment: Pain medication, anti-inflammatory drugs. * can be self limiting in several weeks

Question 40

masticatory muscle myositis

Answer 40

* Autoimmune * starts as inflammatory then muscle is atrophied * **masseter, temporalis and pterygoid** muscles * Diagnosis: **2M antibody titer** and muscle biopsy (IHC) * Treatment: immunosuppression

Question 41

Calcinosis circumscripta

Answer 41

deposits of mineralized tissue german shepherd, rotti, labs * most lesions were well-defined single or multiple variably sized aggregates of amorphous to granular, lightly to darkly basophilic material with or without peripheral granulomatous reaction and surrounded by varying amounts of fibrous connective tissue

Question 42

sialoceles

Answer 42

**Accumulation of saliva** in the submucosal or subcutenous tissue due to rupture of the gland or rupture of the duct (usually gland)

Question 43

odontogenic tumors come from

Answer 43

peripheral odontogenic fibroma, acanthomatous ameloblastoma (and others)

Question 44

peripheral odonotgenic fibroma

Answer 44

usually solitary firm mass bone of tooth normal

Question 45

Acanthomatous ameloblastoma

Answer 45

benign, friable, red, can displace teeth

Question 46

primary vs secondary cleft palate

Answer 46

primary- hard palate and soft palate effected secondary: only soft