Test 2: lecture 1 Flashcards
finoff transiluminator
tonometer
what is menace response
bring hand toward eye
if eye normal dog will see and CN7(facial) will cause the eyelid to close
what nerve controls pupillary light reflex
parasympathetic nucleus of CN3
pupils should contract(miosis)
a normal pupillary light reflex should be what three things
rapid
complete (miosis)
persistent
how to get indirect pupillary light reflex
nerves cross sides and stimulate both pupils to contract
what muscle closes the eyelid and what CN controls it
orbicularis oculi
CN7 (facial)
sebaceous (secrete the lipids that form the superficial layer of tear film)
tarsal (meibomian)
orbicularis oculi- closes eyelid (CN7)
muller’s- opens eye lid (sympathetic)
levator palpebrae superioris- raise upper eyelid (CN3)
raise upper eyelid oculomotor (CN III)
levator palpebrae superioris
opens palpebral fissure sympathetic
muller’s (smooth mucle)
closes palpebral fissure
facial (CN VII)
orbicularis oculi
blepharitis- inflammation of meibomian gland
chalazion- block of meibomian gland (tarsal) that form little tumor
ectopic cilia
trichiasis
distichiasis
distichiasis
looks like a raspberry
follicular conjunctivitis
lymphoid follicles on the nictitating membrane are inflammed
cherry eye
lacrimal gland of 3rd eyelid inverts
what makes up each layer of tears
superficial lipid layer: tarsal/meibomian gland
aqueous layer: lacrimal and lacrimal gland of the 3rd eyelid
inner mucoid layer: cunjunctival goblet cells
what makes up tear film?
normal schirmer tear test
10-25 in 1 min
measures aqueous layer of tear film
jones test
fluorescein (test drainage of nasolacrimal duct)
fibrous tunic is made of —
cornea and sclera
vascular tunic is made of
uvea: iris, ciliary body, choroid
nervous tunic is made of
neuroretina
retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)
layers of the cornea
many layered epithelium
thick stroma
descemet’s membrane
single layer endotheium
how to examine corneal layers
biomicroscopy (slit- lamp)
how to see ulcer
fluorescein test
Detects erosions of the corneal epithelium by staining the corneal stroma yellow-green.
Does NOT stain the corneal epithelium
Does NOT stain Descemet membrane
flurorescein test will not stain
corneal epithelium or descemet membrane
will only bind to corneal stroma if their is damage/ucler in epithelium
path of aqueous humor
made in ciliary body
into posterior chamber
up through anterior chamber
leaves through irido corneal angle
normal IOP for dog
10-25 mmHG
how to view iridocorneal angle
gonioscopy
image through goniolens
gonilens used to see iridocorneal angle
what muscle dilates pupil
radial
under sympathetic tone
what muscle contricts the pupil and what controls it
circular
M. constrictor pupillae
parasympathetic
eye under para control- always slightly constricted pupil (miosis)
mydriasis
dilation of pupil
dilator contracts
constrictor relaxes
what are two mydriatics
phenylephrine (sympathomimetic)
tropicamide (parasympatholytic)
how to exam lens of eye
direct opthalmoscope
+12 to +8 diopters
or
slit lamp
retinal veins or arteries are bigger
veins
how does tapetum work
shiny part of back of eye
light come in hits rods and cones
light continues through NON pigemented RPE
hits tapetum and bounces back
can hit rods and cone again
tapetal fundus or non tapetal fundus will have non pigmented RPE
tapetal fundus (shiny part of eye)
non pigemented RPE allows light to go through hit tapetum, bounce back and restimulate rods and cones
how to view optic disc
direct ophthalmoscope set to 0
panoptic ophthalmoscope (gives wider view)
indirect ophthalmoscopy (even wider view but opside down)
