Test 1: 10. endocarditis

Question 1

endocarditis is caused by

Answer 1

infection

bacterial, fungal

Question 2

two routes of endocarditis

Answer 2

valve damage exposes collagen, forms platelet clot, bacteria colonize

bacteria just stick to valve

Question 3

the platelet fibrin matrix formed by endocarditis will cause —

Answer 3

can break off and embolize in the kidney, spleen, brain and bowel

cause sepsis, and organ failure

can also degrade the collagen in the valve and lead to severe valvular insufficiency →CHF

Question 4

what type of bacteria cause endocarditis

Answer 4

a bunch

Question 5

endocarditis occurs in — animals

Answer 5

not very specific

old male, large breed
german shepherds

very rare

Question 6

in small animals what valves are effected by endocarditis

Answer 6

mitral and aortic valves (left side of the heart)

Question 7

in large animals what valves are affected by endocarditis

Answer 7

tricuspid and pulmonic valves
right side of the heart

Question 8

clinical signs of endocarditis

Answer 8

a bunch of random symptoms

Question 9

what kind of murmur and pulses for endocarditis

Answer 9

left basilar diastolic murmur
usually effect mitral and aortic valves → aortic valve closed during diastole

bounding femoral pulse: leak in valve causes lower diastolic pressure, difference between systolic and diastolic is greater= louder/bounding

Question 10

how to diagnosis endocarditis

Answer 10

usually on necropsy

blood culture
diastolic heart murmur
lesions on valve
fever?

Question 11

what kind of drugs to treat endocarditis

Answer 11

bactericidal
IV
four quadrant coverage: gram +, -, anaerobic, aerobic

need to treat for months, and treat HF symptoms

enrofloxacin, cephalosporin, penicillin ect.

Question 12

prognosis of endocarditis

Answer 12

80% mortality

heart failure, shock, organ failure, arrhythmia