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23 spring: med surg > Test 3: 51-53: bovine bacterial > Flashcards

Test 3: 51-53: bovine bacterial Flashcards

1
Q

5 bacterial pathogens that cause respiratory distress in cattle

A

mannheimia (pasturella) haemolytica (gram -)
pasturella multocida (gram -)
histiophilus (haemophilus) somni (gram -)
mycoplasma (no cell wall= no gram)
trueperella (archanobacterium) pyogenes (gram +)

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2
Q

SS BECCLAR DAMNT stands for

A

gram +

strep
staph

bacillus- anthranx- sporulation
erysipelas
clostridium
corynebacterium
listeria
actinomyces
rhodococcus

dermatophilus congolensis- railroad tract derm
arcanobacterium
mycobacterium- johnes
nocardia- orangejuice mastitis
trueperella (arcanobacterium) pyogenes

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3
Q

endotoxin is made by

A

gram - bacteria breakdown of cell wall LPS

lyses neutrophils →starts cascade that destroys lung tissue

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4
Q

exotoxin of bacteria

A

leukotoxin

Damages alveolar macrophages, neutrophils and vascular endothelium

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5
Q

BRD stands for

A

bovine respiratory disease

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6
Q

BRD is caused by

A

stress- reduces host defenses
virus- damage upper airway
bacteria- invade lower airway

bronchopneumonia

bovine respiratory disease

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7
Q

3 bacteria that cause BRD→ acute bronchopneumonia

A

mannheimia hemolytica
pasturella multocida
histophilus somni

bovine respiratory disease → acute bronchopenumonia

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8
Q

BRD clinical signs with acute bronchopneumonia

A

shipping fever- may have fever but as they get more sick can’t regulate body temp
toxic animals- purple mucus membranes
painful respiration- pleuritis- do not want to move
sudden death
fibrinous bronchopneumonia- cheesy
anteroventral lung consolidation
+/- bolbus emphysema of lungs

bovine respiratory disease- caused by bacteria- mannheimia

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9
Q

treatment of BRD acute bronchopneumonia

A

antibiotics- can be given when viral as protective measure from secondary bacterial infection

reduce stress

acute bronchopenumonia

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10
Q

BRD acute necropsy results

A

fibrinous bronchopneumonia
R sided > L side anteroventral lung consolidation
+/- bulbous emphysema of lung

bacterial infection

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11
Q

chronic bronchopneumonia BRD is caused by

A

pasturell multocida
trueperella pyogenes- abscess formation
+/- histophilus somni
+/- mycoplasma bovis

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12
Q

— causes abcesses in large animals

A

trueperella pyogenes

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13
Q

chronic bronchopneumonia BRD presents as

A

slow growing
moist productive cough
abnormal lung sounds
difficulty breathing

chronic BRD: pasturella multocida

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14
Q

necropsy of chronic BRD will show

A

lung consolidation

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15
Q

crackles is caused by

A

acute pneumonia

did inhale causes compressed/collapsed bronchials or alveolar to pop open

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16
Q

wheezes are caused by

A

air moving through narrowed diameter- bronchical fluid accumulation

17
Q

chronic BRD treatment is trying to prevent —

A

long term antibiotic therapy- treat for 10 days or longer

start treatment early- if no improvement switch to new antibiotic in 48 hrs

try to prevent abscess formation

18
Q

BRD vaccination

A
19
Q

treatment of BRD

A

antimicrobials
label
extra label use
over the counter

limitations: residues, expense, federal regulations

bacterial infection

20
Q

you should not use — antibiotics in large animals for BRD

A

chloramphenicol- anemia in human
naxcel used IV

21
Q

— is the most common antibiotic for BRD

A

cephalosporin- no milk withhold time

22
Q

beef cattle should be treated with what antibiotic for BRD

A

macrolide
florfenicol
oxytetracycle

(one shot, have different withhold times)

23
Q

how to try to reduce shipping fever

A

pre conditioning- give vaccines early before transport

programmed pre conditioning

stop half way and let calves out and grow a little

24
Q

enzootic calf pneumonia is caused by — in calves — months old

A

poor ventilation → ammonia buildup

2-6 months of age

recurrent chronic pneumonia

25
Q

4 clinical signs of ARDS in cows

A

pulmonary congestion/edema
hyaline membrane in alveoli
hyperplasia of alveolar epithelium
interstitial emphysema

26
Q

acute bovine pulmonary emphysema is caused by —
does not have — signs

A

syndrome of ARDS

fog fever

caused by eating lush pastures with high tryptophan content

changed into 3-methyl indole, which is burbed up and causes vasoconstriction of lungs →toxic to type 1 alveolar cells → respiratory distress, no fever, increased major airway sounds

no toxemia

27
Q

necropsy of acute bovine pulmonary emphysema (ABPE)

A

case fatality rate of~30%
1. severe emphysema found with fog fever
2. lungs do NOT collapse well
3. alveolar epithelium hyperplasia

  1. frothy fluid in airways
  2. hemorrhage in larynx, trachea, and bronchi
  3. congestion of lungs  deep red to purple areas cut surface glistens
  4. interstitial emphysema w/ large bullae
  5. edema in interlobular area  yellow and gelatinous

fog fever: syndrome of ARDS
tryptophan → 3 methyl indole → respiratory distress

28
Q

3 syndromes of ARDS

A

acute bovine pulmonary emphysema (fog fever)- lush pastures, no fever

moldy sweet potatoes

perilla mint ketone- overgrazing cause cow to eat toxic plants

29
Q

hypersensitivity pneumonia is also called

A

proliferative pneumonia
bronchiolitis obliterans
chronic non-infectious interstitial pneumonia

farmers lung- in humans

30
Q

hypersensitivity pneumonia is caused by

A

exposure to mold
micropolyspore mold- type 3 hypersensitivity
alverolar hyperplasia- slowly progressive fibrosis

Acute Cases
1. sudden onset of dullness
2. coughing
3. expiratory tachypnoea
4. crackles in AV part of lung

Chronic Cases:
1. Insidious onset
2.. may have acute bouts

31
Q

necrotic laryngitis is caused by

A

fusobacterium necrophorum- gram - anaerobic, found in environment

calf diphtheria

stemmy hay breaks mucosa and bacteria gets into body

only seen in damp dark barns

can lead to aspiration pneumonia and poor doer

treatment: penicillin

32
Q

clinical signs necrotic laryngitis

A

upper respiratory obstruction
fetid breath
respiratory stridor
lesion in back of mouth
aspiration pneumonia - poor doer

treat with beta lactams-penicillin

fusobacterium necrophorum- same gram - that causes foot rot

33
Q

metastatic pneumonia is caused by

A

secondary to E. coli septicemia- umbilical infection →sepsis

no prior pneumonia history

low incidence

34
Q

caudal vena cava thrombosis syndrome clinical signs

A

increased respiratory rate
expiratory groan
epistaxis

high carb diet causes drop in rumen pH → acidosis →ulcer → liver abscess rupture →embolism →lung abscess supture →nose bleed

35
Q

sick calves recently weaned with nasal discharge, increased respiratory rate, hypersalization, high temp, SQ emphysema, increased bronchovesicular sounds with widespread intermittent fine crackles, however cranioventral sounds are decreased in some., necropsy show consolidation of lungs, interstitial emphysema and edema

how to treat
diagnosis

A

BRSV
BRD: acute bronchopneumonia -mannheimia hemolytica

vaccinate all calves, when six months old and prior to weaning

AB for bacteria

23 spring: med surg (60 decks)

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