Test 3: 51-53: bovine bacterial Flashcards by jillian Bastidas

5 bacterial pathogens that cause respiratory distress in cattle

mannheimia (pasturella) haemolytica (gram -)
pasturella multocida (gram -)
histiophilus (haemophilus) somni (gram -)
mycoplasma (no cell wall= no gram)
trueperella (archanobacterium) pyogenes (gram +)

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SS BECCLAR DAMNT stands for

gram +

strep
staph

bacillus- anthranx- sporulation
erysipelas
clostridium
corynebacterium
listeria
actinomyces
rhodococcus

dermatophilus congolensis- railroad tract derm
arcanobacterium
mycobacterium- johnes
nocardia- orangejuice mastitis
trueperella (arcanobacterium) pyogenes

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endotoxin is made by

gram - bacteria breakdown of cell wall LPS

lyses neutrophils →starts cascade that destroys lung tissue

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exotoxin of bacteria

leukotoxin

Damages alveolar macrophages, neutrophils and vascular endothelium

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BRD stands for

bovine respiratory disease

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BRD is caused by

stress- reduces host defenses
virus- damage upper airway
bacteria- invade lower airway

bronchopneumonia

bovine respiratory disease

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3 bacteria that cause BRD→ acute bronchopneumonia

mannheimia hemolytica
pasturella multocida
histophilus somni

bovine respiratory disease → acute bronchopenumonia

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BRD clinical signs with acute bronchopneumonia

shipping fever- may have fever but as they get more sick can’t regulate body temp
toxic animals- purple mucus membranes
painful respiration- pleuritis- do not want to move
sudden death
fibrinous bronchopneumonia- cheesy
anteroventral lung consolidation
+/- bolbus emphysema of lungs

bovine respiratory disease- caused by bacteria- mannheimia

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treatment of BRD acute bronchopneumonia

antibiotics- can be given when viral as protective measure from secondary bacterial infection

reduce stress

acute bronchopenumonia

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BRD acute necropsy results

fibrinous bronchopneumonia
R sided > L side anteroventral lung consolidation
+/- bulbous emphysema of lung

bacterial infection

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chronic bronchopneumonia BRD is caused by

pasturell multocida
trueperella pyogenes- abscess formation
+/- histophilus somni
+/- mycoplasma bovis

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— causes abcesses in large animals

trueperella pyogenes

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chronic bronchopneumonia BRD presents as

slow growing
moist productive cough
abnormal lung sounds
difficulty breathing

chronic BRD: pasturella multocida

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necropsy of chronic BRD will show

lung consolidation

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crackles is caused by

acute pneumonia

did inhale causes compressed/collapsed bronchials or alveolar to pop open

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wheezes are caused by

air moving through narrowed diameter- bronchical fluid accumulation

chronic BRD treatment is trying to prevent —

long term antibiotic therapy- treat for 10 days or longer

start treatment early- if no improvement switch to new antibiotic in 48 hrs

try to prevent abscess formation

BRD vaccination

treatment of BRD

antimicrobials
label
extra label use
over the counter

limitations: residues, expense, federal regulations

bacterial infection

you should not use — antibiotics in large animals for BRD

chloramphenicol- anemia in human
naxcel used IV

— is the most common antibiotic for BRD

cephalosporin- no milk withhold time

beef cattle should be treated with what antibiotic for BRD

macrolide
florfenicol
oxytetracycle

(one shot, have different withhold times)

how to try to reduce shipping fever

pre conditioning- give vaccines early before transport

programmed pre conditioning

stop half way and let calves out and grow a little

enzootic calf pneumonia is caused by — in calves — months old

poor ventilation → ammonia buildup

2-6 months of age

recurrent chronic pneumonia

4 clinical signs of ARDS in cows

pulmonary congestion/edema hyaline membrane in alveoli hyperplasia of alveolar epithelium interstitial emphysema

acute bovine pulmonary emphysema is caused by --- does not have --- signs

syndrome of ARDS fog fever caused by eating lush pastures with high **tryptophan** content changed into **3-methyl indole**, which is burbed up and causes **vasoconstriction of lungs** →**toxic to type 1 alveolar cells** → respiratory distress, no fever, increased major airway sounds **no toxemia**

necropsy of acute bovine pulmonary emphysema (ABPE)

case fatality rate of~30% 1. severe emphysema found with fog fever 2. lungs do NOT collapse well 3. alveolar epithelium hyperplasia 4. frothy fluid in airways 5. hemorrhage in larynx, trachea, and bronchi 6. congestion of lungs  deep red to purple areas cut surface glistens 7. interstitial emphysema w/ large bullae 8. edema in interlobular area  yellow and gelatinous ## Footnote fog fever: syndrome of ARDS tryptophan → 3 methyl indole → respiratory distress

3 syndromes of ARDS

**acute bovine pulmonary emphysema** (fog fever)- lush pastures, no fever **moldy sweet potatoes** **perilla mint ketone**- overgrazing cause cow to eat toxic plants

hypersensitivity pneumonia is also called

proliferative pneumonia bronchiolitis obliterans chronic non-infectious interstitial pneumonia farmers lung- in humans

hypersensitivity pneumonia is caused by

**exposure to mold** micropolyspore mold- type 3 hypersensitivity alverolar hyperplasia- slowly progressive **fibrosis** Acute Cases 1. sudden onset of dullness 2. coughing 3. expiratory tachypnoea 4. crackles in AV part of lung Chronic Cases: 1. Insidious onset 2.. may have acute bouts

necrotic laryngitis is caused by

fusobacterium necrophorum- gram - anaerobic, found in environment calf diphtheria stemmy hay breaks mucosa and bacteria gets into body only seen in damp dark barns can lead to aspiration pneumonia and poor doer treatment: penicillin

clinical signs necrotic laryngitis

upper respiratory obstruction fetid breath respiratory stridor lesion in back of mouth aspiration pneumonia - poor doer treat with beta lactams-penicillin ## Footnote fusobacterium necrophorum- same gram - that causes foot rot

metastatic pneumonia is caused by

secondary to E. coli septicemia- umbilical infection →sepsis no prior pneumonia history low incidence

caudal vena cava thrombosis syndrome clinical signs

increased respiratory rate expiratory groan **epistaxis** high carb diet causes drop in rumen pH → acidosis →ulcer → liver abscess rupture →embolism →lung abscess supture →nose bleed

sick calves recently weaned with nasal discharge, increased respiratory rate, hypersalization, high temp, SQ emphysema, increased bronchovesicular sounds with widespread intermittent fine crackles, however cranioventral sounds are decreased in some., necropsy show consolidation of lungs, interstitial emphysema and edema how to treat diagnosis

BRSV BRD: acute bronchopneumonia -mannheimia hemolytica vaccinate all calves, when six months old and prior to weaning AB for bacteria