Test 3: 45 thoracic wall Flashcards
function of throacic wall
expands and contract chest to allow air to move in and out of lungs
what caused pneumothorax
lysis of sternum- infection or cancer
why do you have hypoxia with rib fractures
painful- not taking deep breaths- ventilating dead space
rib fractures cause trauma/contusion to the lungs
flayed chest moves — on inhale and — on exhale
in
out
(paradoxical)
rib tumor: chondosarcoma (okay prognosis) or osteosarcoma (poor prognosis)
three holes in the diaphragm
Esophageal hiatus
Caval hiatus: caudal vena cava
Aortic hiatus: Aorta, Azygous, hemiazygous, Lumbar cistern of the thoracic duct
failure of the transverse septum of the diaphragm to form will cause —
peritoneopericardial hernias →Herniation of abdominal viscera into pericardial sac
can have other abnormalities such as umbilical hernias, cardiac defects, sternal abnormalities
what causes diaphragmatic hernias
most trauma
some congenital
how to treat diaphragmic hernia
most common caused by trauma
need to stabilize first
then fix hernia
may need to enlarge incision to get organs back through
what can happen if you forcably reinflate the lung
re-expansion pulmonary edema
post op care for diaphragmatic hernias
monitor
chest tube
pain control: epidural, intrapleural bipivicaine, narcotics
hiatal hernia are common in — dogs and is caused by —
shar peis
laxity in the esophageal hiatus- stomach comes up through hole into chest
clinical signs of hiatal hernia
GI: vomiting/regurgitation
Abnormal/decreased esophageal motility
– Secondary to GE reflux and esophagitis?
– Primary in some animals?
Aspiration pneumonia
stomach coming up through diaphragm
how to diagnose hiatal hernia
barium study
stomach coming up through diaphragm
how can upper airway obstruction cause hiatal hernia
breathing so hard that they suck stomach into chest
need to treat underlying upper airway disease before treating the stomach
