Test 3: 46, 48,49 bovine Flashcards
3 components of respiratory disease in cows
management
viral diseases
bacterial disease
there should be a minimum of — air changes per hour for proper ventilation
4
2 functions of ventilation
remove CO2
remove heat and moisture
natural vs mechanical ventilation systems
natural: open roof vents- allow hot air to rise and exit, can cause drafts
mechanical- fans in closed barns, inlets=outlets
— are used for ventilating group housing for calves
positive pressure tubes- push Co2 and warm air out and prevent draft
three pulmonary defense mechanisms
mucociliary defense system
pulmonary alveolar macrophages
secretory system
mucociliary defense system will —
warms and filters incoming air
removes dust and organism
very efficient- 90% effective
— are found in the lower respiratory tract and eat pathogens
— efficiency
pulmonary alveolar macrophages
50% efficiency
neutrophils only enter in response to infection
secretory system of the respiratory tract work by activating — immunity
cell mediated immunity
and
local immunity: IgA and interferon(viral response)
serum AB less important
where is accessory lung lobe in cows
right lung
right cranial bronchus comes off — in the cow
before tracheal bifurcation
anatomy of cow lungs
left side: 2 lobes (cranial has two parts)
right side: 4 lobes (cranial has two parts), cranial, middle, ventral and accessory
basal lung metabolism uses — bovine lung capacity
45%
horses and humans use 20% of basal- need to take big breath to hear
what side to listen to cows lungs
right sound- use more of lung to breathe, may seem harsh
narrow lung field: 13 ribs
4 major bovine viral respiratory diseases
IBR: infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
PI-3: parainfluenza Type 3
BRSV: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
BVDV: bovine viral diarrhea virus
IBR is caused by
herpes type 1 virus
more than 80% of cattle are sero-positive
latent infections are common
IBR clinical signs
high fever > 105
mild dyspnea
white nasal plaques (red nose)
WBC normal
mild/rapid recovery if NO 2ndary bacterial infection
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis- herpes virus
rare presentations of IBR
encephalitis- with meningitis, non-purulent
fatal septicemia- calves < 1 week old, peritonitis
balanoposthitis- plaques on penis and prepuce
abortion- autolysis of fetus
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis- herpes virus
IBR diagnosis
- serology- virus neutralization, paired samples (3 weeks apart)
- virus isolation
- fluorescent antibody
- PCR
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis- herpes virus
treatment for IBR
antiinflammatory- flunixin meglumine
aspirin boluses
meloxicam
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis- herpes virus
prevention of IBR
foundation vaccine
intranasal: best interferon producer, rapid onset, no abortions
modified live: + abortions, lonest lasting immunity, recommened for all youngstock
killed vaccine: safest, two doses then annual booster
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis- herpes virus
IBR has high seroprevalence, is not very pathogenic alone, WBC profile is —, — plaques, predisposes to — pneumonia, — syndromes and can cause —
normal
white
bacterial
many
abortions and lead to shipping fever (2ndary bacterial infection)
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis- herpes virus
PI-3 presents with
mild symptoms- nasal discharge
not pathogenic alone, usually in combo with pasturella or mannheimia bacteria
parainfluenza 3 virus
vaccinate for PI-3?
yes included in IBR vaccines
short term immunity- 3 months
given before stressful event such as shipping
