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23 spring: med surg > Test 3: 46, 48,49 bovine > Flashcards

Test 3: 46, 48,49 bovine Flashcards

1
Q

3 components of respiratory disease in cows

A

management
viral diseases
bacterial disease

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2
Q

there should be a minimum of — air changes per hour for proper ventilation

A

4

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3
Q

2 functions of ventilation

A

remove CO2
remove heat and moisture

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4
Q

natural vs mechanical ventilation systems

A

natural: open roof vents- allow hot air to rise and exit, can cause drafts

mechanical- fans in closed barns, inlets=outlets

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5
Q

— are used for ventilating group housing for calves

A

positive pressure tubes- push Co2 and warm air out and prevent draft

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6
Q

three pulmonary defense mechanisms

A

mucociliary defense system
pulmonary alveolar macrophages
secretory system

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7
Q

mucociliary defense system will —

A

warms and filters incoming air
removes dust and organism
very efficient- 90% effective

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8
Q

— are found in the lower respiratory tract and eat pathogens
— efficiency

A

pulmonary alveolar macrophages

50% efficiency
neutrophils only enter in response to infection

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9
Q

secretory system of the respiratory tract work by activating — immunity

A

cell mediated immunity
and
local immunity: IgA and interferon(viral response)

serum AB less important

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10
Q

where is accessory lung lobe in cows

A

right lung

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11
Q

right cranial bronchus comes off — in the cow

A

before tracheal bifurcation

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12
Q

anatomy of cow lungs

A

left side: 2 lobes (cranial has two parts)

right side: 4 lobes (cranial has two parts), cranial, middle, ventral and accessory

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13
Q

basal lung metabolism uses — bovine lung capacity

A

45%

horses and humans use 20% of basal- need to take big breath to hear

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14
Q

what side to listen to cows lungs

A

right sound- use more of lung to breathe, may seem harsh

narrow lung field: 13 ribs

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15
Q

4 major bovine viral respiratory diseases

A

IBR: infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
PI-3: parainfluenza Type 3
BRSV: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
BVDV: bovine viral diarrhea virus

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16
Q

IBR is caused by

A

herpes type 1 virus

more than 80% of cattle are sero-positive

latent infections are common

17
Q

IBR clinical signs

A

high fever > 105
mild dyspnea
white nasal plaques (red nose)
WBC normal
mild/rapid recovery if NO 2ndary bacterial infection

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis- herpes virus

18
Q

rare presentations of IBR

A

encephalitis- with meningitis, non-purulent

fatal septicemia- calves < 1 week old, peritonitis

balanoposthitis- plaques on penis and prepuce

abortion- autolysis of fetus

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis- herpes virus

19
Q

IBR diagnosis

A
  • serology- virus neutralization, paired samples (3 weeks apart)
  • virus isolation
  • fluorescent antibody
  • PCR

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis- herpes virus

20
Q

treatment for IBR

A

antiinflammatory- flunixin meglumine
aspirin boluses
meloxicam

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis- herpes virus

21
Q

prevention of IBR

A

foundation vaccine

intranasal: best interferon producer, rapid onset, no abortions

modified live: + abortions, lonest lasting immunity, recommened for all youngstock

killed vaccine: safest, two doses then annual booster

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis- herpes virus

22
Q

IBR has high seroprevalence, is not very pathogenic alone, WBC profile is —, — plaques, predisposes to — pneumonia, — syndromes and can cause —

A

normal
white
bacterial
many
abortions and lead to shipping fever (2ndary bacterial infection)

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis- herpes virus

23
Q

PI-3 presents with

A

mild symptoms- nasal discharge

not pathogenic alone, usually in combo with pasturella or mannheimia bacteria

parainfluenza 3 virus

24
Q

vaccinate for PI-3?

A

yes included in IBR vaccines

short term immunity- 3 months

given before stressful event such as shipping

25
Q

BRSV stands for

A

bovine respiratory syncytial virus

26
Q

— are both from the paramyxovirus family

A

PI-3
BRSV

bovine respiratory syncytial virus

27
Q

how is BRSV spread

A

latent infection

spread from dam at birth, when she is stressed

bovine respiratory syncytial virus

28
Q

diagnosis of BRSV

A

serology NOT useful
passive immunity not protective

29
Q

BRSV occurs in —

A

short incubation 3-5 days

high incidence: 2-5 month old calves

passive immunity NOT protective

bovine respiratory syncytial virus

30
Q

two syndromes of BRSV

A

atypical interstitial pneumonia
ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome

bovine respiratory syncytial virus

31
Q

clinical signs of BRSV

A

high fever
↑ salivation
air under skin- SQ emphysema
ARDS: respiratory distress- open mouth breathing

can recover in a few weeks, but if they become to stressed when treating can die
may develop bacterial infection(30% may die)

bovine respiratory syncytial virus

32
Q

how to treat BRSV

A

prevent stress
prevent 2ndary bacterial infection- give antibiotic

30% may die from becoming to stressed during treatment

bovine respiratory syncytial virus

33
Q

diagnosis of BRSV

A

very hard to do

virus very fragile and difficult to grow

also only present during early clinical course

fluorescent antibodies
immunohistochemistry

34
Q

necropsy of BRSV will show

A

interstital pneumonia
syncytial cells (giant cells)

bovine respiratory syncytial virus

35
Q

BRSV vaccination

A

included in combo vaccine but does not work?

passive immunity not protective
serum antibodies not protective

requires 3-4 week booster

36
Q

BVDV stands for

A

bovine viral diarrhea virus

37
Q

clinical signs of BVDV

A

diarrhea
immunosupressive
fever
mucosal erosions
abortion
PI (persistant infection) calves (gestation 40-120 days)

bovine viral diarrhea virus

38
Q

vaccinate BVDV?

A

yes- part of combo

very effective

23 spring: med surg (60 decks)

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