Test 4: 60 dental part 1

Question 1

what is the periodontium made of

Answer 1

periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone and gingiva

Question 2

Process by which hard and soft deposits are removed from the supragingival and subgingival surfaces of the teeth, including the disruption of bacterial cell walls of non-adherent plaque.

Answer 2

periodontal debridement

Question 3

what is the goal for periodontal debridement

Answer 3

Arrest local infection and return periodontal tissue to health by eliminating deposits on the tooth and reducing the bacteria within periodontal space without intentional removal of cementum.

Question 4

what is furcation

Answer 4

area in between teeth

Question 5

3 physiologic effect of plaque removal with the water lavage scalers

Answer 5

• acoustic microstreaming
• acoustic turbulence
• cavitation

Question 6

unidirectional flow of water caused by the ultrasonic waves.

Answer 6

acoustic microstreaming

Question 7

pressure produced in a confined space such as
periodontal pocket by fluid stream in a swirling flow of the vibrating instrument tip.

Answer 7

Acoustic Turbulence

This disrupts plaque and destroys subgingival pathogens

Question 8

tiny bubbles in the mist collapse, creating energy that
destroy bacteria by tearing the bacteria cell walls.

Answer 8

cavitation

Question 9

sonic power scalers are powered by — and rotates in a — pattern at — CPS

Answer 9

air (turbine) driven by compressor

orbital (circular) pattern

2000-8000 cycles per second (CPS)

Question 10

what are some downfalls of sonic scalers

Answer 10

slow 2000-8000 CPS
loud
does not remove staining as well

Question 11

piezoelectric ultrasonic moves in — pattern at — CPS

Answer 11

linear (back and forth)

25,000-50,000 CPS

Question 12

down side of Ultrasonic piezoelectric

Answer 12

• ceramic transducer- fragile
• only linear movement- can only use side of instrument
• can heat up and cause damage

Question 13

ultrasonic magnetostrictive moves in a — pattern at — CPS

Answer 13

elliptical

18,000-50,000 CPS

Question 14

down fall of magnetostrictive ultrasonic

Answer 14

transducer is a “stack” of nickel alloyed strips or ferrous rod can get very hot

Question 15

ampltude effects the — of the strokes

Answer 15

length

• higher the power, longer the stroke
• number of cycles per second (CPS)

Question 16

why use water

Answer 16

• lubricates tip for insertion
• cools stack
• irrigator that flushes debris in
  periodontal sulcus

Question 17

how to set water

Answer 17

water should be ≥ power setting

Question 18

how does frequency effect US scalers

Answer 18

need the right tip for the set frequency

frequency= number of times the tip completes an elliptical or linear cycle per second

Question 19

beaver tail can not be used where

Answer 19

subgingival

Question 20

when to use slim tip (perio tips)

Answer 20

use for light to moderate calculus removal on low to medium power settings

can be used in subgingival areas

50% more slender than standard tip size (.5mm at tip)

Question 21

can you use perio tips with heavy calculus

Answer 21

no

these are slender tips for low to medium calculus removal

Question 22

what is the most powerful part of the piezoelectric tip

Answer 22

slim tip

Question 23

what is the most powerful part of the magnetostrictive tip

Answer 23

Question 24

How to check if tips are still working

Answer 24

with loss of efficiency

• decreases patient care
• increases risk of musculoskeletal disorders

Question 25

how to prepare water tubing

Answer 25

flush 2 mins prior to usage
30 sec. between each patient

Question 26

how to prepare magnetostrictive handpiece

Answer 26

• step on pedal to completely fill handpiece with water.
• lubricate o-ring
• release foot pedal, slide insert into handpiece until tight. TWIST to complete insertion.

Question 27

low water flow can cause

Answer 27

over heating of instrument = pulp necrosis

magnetostrictive

• light mist/halo effect with a drop

piezoelectric

• fine mist

Question 28

cord management for scalers

Answer 28

▪ reduces torque and tension from headpiece
▪ place behind neck, around arm, or between pinky and fulcrum finger

proper management of cord=light grasp and instrument balance= reduction of muscle skeletal disorders

Question 29

what angle to use magnetostrictive scaler

Answer 29

0-15°

small back and forth motions (2-3 mm)

LIGHT lateral pressure: moderate to firm pressure will
decrease or even stop the vibrations of the tip

Question 30

what angle for piezoelectrive scaler

Answer 30

0 °, want it parallel to tooth surface

move back and forth with little to no pressure

can use concave and convex sides but will cause chatter