Test 3: 38 resp xray con Flashcards
what kind of pattern
bronchial pulmonary pattern
Eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy
unstructured interstitial pulmonary pattern
what kind of pattern
unstructured interstitial pattern: hazy/fog
unstructured interstitial pattern look like
hazy
- generalized increase in pulmonary opacity
- Unsharp outline of pulmonary vessels and airway walls
- Decreased sharpness of the cardiac and diaphragmatic borders (difficult to recognize)
what kind of pattern
normal- left
interstitial- right
unstructured intersitial pattern DDx
Diffuse
“Disease in transition”
* Edema, Pneumonia, Hemorrhage
Less severe → Interstitial pattern
More severe → Alveolar pattern
- Pneumonitis/pneumonia
Fungal pneumonia (esp. coccidioides), Viral pneumonia (e.g. Distemper), Septicemia, Metabolic (Uremia), Inhalant, Toxic - Lymphoma – esp. dogs
Fibrosis: Pathologic (Westies); Older animals (age-related)
Eosinophilic pneumonia: Allergic, Heartworm
Focal
* Disease in transition → Edema, Pneumonia, Hemorrhage
* Partial lung atelectasis
Pulmonary thromboembolism
Hemorrhage
Bronchial foreign body
what kind of pattern and ddx
interstitial pattern
lymphoma- big lymph nodes
what type of pattern
right caudal lobe: intersitial- can still see vessels
left caudal lobe- alveolar- can not see vessels, can see air bronchiogram
cardiogenic pulmonary edema
left sided cardiomegaly- left auricular bulge
what kind of pattern?
intersitial and alveolar pneumonia
what kind of pattern
nodular intersitial pattern- can see > 3-5 mm nodules
DDX for pulmonary nodules
- Metastatic pulmonary neoplasia
- Granulomatous disease →Heartworm, Fungal disease
Fluid-filled bullae, Cysts, Hematomas, Abscesses
(“CHANG” = Cyst, hematoma, abscess, neoplasia, granuloma)
pumonary nodule can be confused with
end on vessels- nodules should be larger than adjacent vessels
osseous metaplasia- heterotopic bone- small relatively opaque for their size- well defined
cutaneous nodules- sharp outline, position, opaque
pumonary nodules or end on vessel
compare nodules
what kind of pattern
miliary intersititial pattern
fungal infection- blastomycosis
DDX for mass
- Neoplasia (e.g., primary pulmonary)
- Granuloma
- Abscess
Hematoma
Cyst (fluid-filled)
bullae- thin walled
pulmonary hyperlucency
ddx of cavitary mass
hyperlucency with thick wall
Neoplasia
Granuloma
Paragonimus cyst
Abscess
Hematoma / Traumatic bulla
what do you see on xray with pleural effusion
fluid in pleural space
pleural fissure lines
lung lobe retraction → rounding of lung margins
silhouette sign
what is this outlining
pleural fissure lines
pleural effusion- fluid dissects between the lung lobes at the normal anatomic boundaries
the caudal lung lobe of a cat will — and can be confused with —
retract away from ribs at lumbophrenic angle
pleural effusion- mild
> 4 vertebral bodies abnormal
pleural effusion
retraction from ribs
rounded
heart in silhouetted
fissure lines
ddx for unilateral or asymmetric pleural effusion
- Inflammatory disease- pyothorax
- Anatomically complete mediastinum
- Chylothorax
- Focal lung disease → Neoplasia, Lung love torsion
pneumothorax
Lung lobe margin retraction
Radiolucent pleural space – Devoid of
pulmonary vessels
pneumothorax
Lung lobe margin retraction
Radiolucent pleural space – Devoid of pulmonary vessels
Cardiac silhouette separated from sternum by air
tension pneumothorax
Mediastinal shift away from unilateral tension pneumothorax
Over-distension of the thorax / pleural space
Widened intercostal spaces
Ribs perpendicular to spine
pneumo?
no - just normal deep chested dog- can see vessels in space below heart if you zoom
