Test 1: lecture 2: physical exam

Question 1

extended jugular indicates — sided heart failure

Answer 1

right

leads to increased pressure in veins

Question 2

cyanosis in mucous membrane is usually caused by

Answer 2

blood disorder

shunt- leading to deoxygenated blood mixing with oxygenated

uncommon in heart failure

Question 3

jugular vein pulse reflects — atrial pressure and venous return to the — heart

Answer 3

right

(normal at level of heart, anything above 1/3 of neck is abnormal and suggests right sided CHF)

Question 4

what valves can you hear at the left base

Answer 4

aortic
pulmonary

Question 5

what valve can you hear on left apex

Answer 5

mitral

Question 6

where can you hear tricuspid valve

Answer 6

right apex

Question 7

what is S1 sound

Answer 7

mitral and tricuspid close
systolic (ventricle contract)

Question 8

what is S2 heart sound

Answer 8

aortic and pulmonary valves close

end of systolic, start of diastolic

Question 9

if dub is louder then lub then where are you in the heart

Answer 9

base (sound of the aortic and pulmonary valve closing after systole)

Question 10

if lub is louder then dub where in the heart are you

Answer 10

dub= closing of mitral and tricuspid, the start of systole

would be at the apex of the heart

Question 11

where is the precordial impulse

Answer 11

felt at the apex of the heart on the left side (where you can feel pulse with your fingers)

found at the mitral valve

Question 12

most heart murmurs in animals occur during —

Answer 12

sytolic (during lub to dub)

when mitral and tricuspid is closed and atortic and pulmonary is open

Question 13

why hard to hear murmur in cat

Answer 13

heart moves with age
murmurs all sound the same
small heart

need to listen next to sternum

Question 14

murmur on right side of dog usually means

Answer 14

tricuspid issue
regurgitation
ventricular septal defect

Question 15

mitral or tricuspid regurgitation will have what shaped murmur

Answer 15

band

systolic murmur

Question 16

when would you hear aortic stenosis murmur

Answer 16

systolic

(aortic should be open, but stiff causes murmur as blood pushes past it)

Question 17

when can you feel a thrill on a heart murmur

Answer 17

grade V and 6

Question 18

grade 1 murmur is —

Answer 18

softest audible murmur

Question 19

grade — mumur is soft but easily heard

Answer 19

2

Question 20

grade — murmur is moderate intensity

Answer 20

3

Question 21

grade — murmur is loud but no thrill

Answer 21

4

Question 22

grade — murmur is very loud with + thrill

Answer 22

5

Question 23

grade 6 murmur is —

Answer 23

super loud with + thrill

Question 24

what causes systolic murmur

Answer 24

mitral and tricuspid leaky (insufficiency/regurgitation)

aortic or pulmonary stenosis (not opening all the way)

Question 25

what causes diastolic murmur

Answer 25

mitral and tricuspid not fully opening (stenosis)

leak in aortic or pulmonary (regurgitation/ insufficiency)

Question 26

what kind of dogs can develope physiologic murmurs that resolve with age

Answer 26

golden, boxers, bull terriers

will have soft systolic murmur that resolves with age

Question 27

what is a dynamic murmur for cats

Answer 27

will be louder with increased HR

will be softer when HR decreased

murmur can come and go

Question 28

what causes bounding pulse

Answer 28

change in the difference between systolic and diastolic

something that drops diastolic → AV fistula, PDA, aortic regurgitation – High output states – anemia, hyperthyroidism

Question 29

what can cause a missing pulse

Answer 29

arrythmia

can hear a pulse, but so fast and weak it does not cause blood to be pushed out of heart = no pulse

Question 30

pulsus paradoxus occcurs with —

Answer 30

pericardial effusion

pulse very weak during inspiration

pulse very strong during expiration