Test 11 Review Flashcards
invertebrates that are aquatic that have two body forms, consist of gastrovascular cavity
coelenterates
invertebrates that have many pore and no nervous system
sponges
roundworms are also known as
nematodes
microscopic with spinning rings of cilia, 500-1000 cells
rotifers
have a muscular foot and a visceral hump
mollusk
marine invertebrates with spiny skin; star fish, sand dollar
echinoderms
animal-like, single-celled organisms
protozoa
main characteristics of mollusks
muscular foot
three groups of mollusks
bivalve, univalve, cephalopod
octopus, squid, nautilus
cephalopods
clam, oyster, scallop
bivalve
examples of univalves
slug, nail, nudibranch, conch
if bivalve get irritant in between mantle and shell, make pearl made of
nacre
gastropods file-like tongue
radula
only cephalopod with external shell
nautilus
examples of echinoderms
starfish, sand dollar, sea urchin, sea cucumber
kind of symmetry of adult echinoderms
radial
echinoderms have special body system called
water-vascular system
why rotifers not classified as protozoa
more than one cell
invertebrate animals with hollow bag and tentacles
coelenterates
two body forms of coelenterates
polyps, medusa
examples of coelenterates
jellyfish, sea anemone, coral, hydra
jellyfish body style
medusa
stinging cells on tentacles
cnidocytes
motile coelenterate body style
medusa
coelenterates that are tiny and form limestone cups
coral
animal that means pore-bearer
sponges
sponges mouth (osculum) that function as
excurrent pore
bristles on earthworm
setae
earthworms use for kidneys and filtering
nephridia
annelids that are parasites
leeches
Platyhelminths are
flatworms
flatworms that are free-living
planarian
platyhelminths that get into human liver, lungs, and blood
flukes
parasitic platyhelminths that eat digestive food
tapeworm
tapeworm’s head
scolex
roundworm that blocks lymphatic
filaria worm
roundworm that gets into intestines that drinks blood
hookworm
how control the spread of hookworm
don’t walk barefoot; good sanitation, disposal of wastes
roundworm from poorly cooked meat the bores into the muscle
trichina worm
disease from trichina worm
trichiosis
how to prevent the spread of ascaris
properly dispose of wastes; good sanitation
organisms that have single cell and classified by how move
protozoa
move with whip-like structures
flagellates
common flagellates that move like animal and make food like plant
euglena
euglena reproduction by splitting
binary fission
cell division of euglena binary fission is an example of
mitosis
disease caused by parasitic flagellate
African sleeping sickness
flagellate that spreads African sleeping sickness
trypanosome
disease caused by sarcodine
amoebic dysentery
most common sarcodine
amoeba
pseudopods purpose
move
ingest particles of food
causes malaria
plasmodium
main characteristic of sporozoans
sessile
says that all living things made of cells, come from preexisting cells
cell theory
four elements of cells
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen
most common chemical compounds found in living cells
proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
all the most common chemical compounds contain these two elements
carbon
hydrogen
the control center of the cell
nucleus
special lipid molecules in cell membrane
phospholipids
rigid box-like structure around PLANTS cells
cell wall
framework of the cell
cytoskeleton
cytoskeleton made primarily of
microtubules
microtubule-organizing center in humans
centrosome
within centrosome
centrioles
power plants with burning of carbs and fats
mitchondria
organelles that mke proteins
ribosomes
within mitochondria, units that make ATP
ATP synthase
ATP synthase made of
proteins
phosphorous compound that is energy carrier of the cell
ATP
dense network of membranes that is through much of the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
two types of ER
rough (contains ribosomes; closer to nucleus)
smooth
shipping center of the cell
Golgi apparatus
golgi look like
stack of compartments
Golgi apparatus packages into
vesicles
type of vesicle for recycling purposes
lysosome
structures that function as storage compartments
vacuoles
largest control center
nucleus
contains master programs
DNA
in human body cells, DNA divided into
46 molecules
each molecule in DNA is a
chromosome
where ribosomes are made
nucleolus
breaking down glucose, combine with oxygen to release energy
cellular (aerobic) respiration
energy released by cellular respiration is used to make
ATP
energy to do cellular respiration
carbohydrates
proteins
first step of cellular respiration; takes place in cytoplasm, not need oxygen, breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules
glycolysis
not enough oxygen, use this energy release
fermentation (anaerobic cellular respiration)
more efficient respiration
aerobic cellular respiration
move water, small molecules in and out from higher to lower concentration
simple diffusion
cannot pass directly through but pass from higher to lower
facilitated diffusion
facilitated and simple diffusion called
passive transportation
movement from lower to higher with expenditure of energy
active transportation
moving things larger than molecules into cell
endocytosis
endocytosis moving liquids in
pinocytosis
endocytosis that engulfs solids
phagocytosis
larger than molecules moving OUT
exocytosis
G1, S, G2 M make up
cell cycle
G1, S, G2, (cell living normally) called
interphase
phase in which the DNA replicates and the centrosomes replicates
synthases phase
occurs at the end of mitosis
cytokinesis
cell death programmed
apoptosis
Platyhelminths that get into human live, blood intestines
flukes
Platyhelminths that eat digestive food
tapeworm
head of tapeworm
scolex
roundworm that gets into human and drinks blood
hookworm
prevent hookworm
wear shoes; good sanitation
roundworm from poorly cooked meat and bores into muscles
trichina (cook meat well; freeze)
lives in intestines of usually children
Ascaris worm
prevent Ascaris
do not put hands in mouth; good sanitation
single-celled; classified by how they move
protozoa
common flagellate
euglena
occurs in euglena fission
mitosis
causes African sleeping sickness; flagellate parasite
trypanosome
purposes of pseudopods
move and eat
ciliate that slipper shape
paramecium
main characteristic of sporozoans
nonmotile
unit of structure of living things
cell
because of work of Hooke we have
cell theory
determines size of something
number of cells
four main chemical elements
nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
four common chemical compounds in living things
proteins, lipids, carbohydrates nucleic acids
carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid all contain these two elements
carbon and hydrogen
fluid medium of cell
cytoplasm
special lipid molecules in cell membrane
phospholipids
boxlike structure around cell of plant
cell wall
makes up cytoskeleton
microtubules
microtubules organizing center in human and animal cells
centrosome
cylindrical structure in centrosome made of tubules
centrioles
power plants; burning of proteins
mitochondria
organelles that make proteins
ribosomes
within mitochondria units that make ATP
ATP synthase
ATP synthase made of
protein
phosphorous compound that in energy carrier of cell
ATP
dense network of membranes throughout the cytoplasm
endoplasmic reticulum network
closer to nucleus; has ribosomes attached to it
rough ER
shipping center of cell
Golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus looks like
bags or compartments
container used by Golgi apparatus
vesicles
vesicle for recycling
lysosome
function as storage compartments
vacuoles
master programming
DNA
DNA divided into
46 molecules
each molecule is called a
chromosome
ribosomes made; dark area in nucleus
nucleolus
