Section 18.3-- Turtles, Crocodilians, and Tuatara

Question 1

a reptile with a shell nd toothless jaw

Answer 1

turtle

Question 2

the upper shell of a turtle that is fused to the turtle’s ribs and thoracic vertebrae

Answer 2

carapace

Question 3

the turtle’s lower shell which is fused to the clavicles

Answer 3

plastron

Question 4

the dorsal carapace and the belly plastron are joined along the sides of the body by a bony

Answer 4

bridge

Question 5

the shell has an inner layer of bone, which is divided into sections called

Answer 5

plates

Question 6

the tough, horny outer layer of the shell that is divided into sections arranged in a symmetrical pattern

Answer 6

shields

Question 7

although turtles are toothless and thus cannot grind their food, they can chop their food with their

Answer 7

sharp and powerful jaws

Question 8

although all turtles have _____________, their ribcage cannot expand and contract for breathing as in other reptiles

Answer 8

lungs

Question 9

a turtle’s __________________________ are on the sides of its head

Answer 9

tympanic membranes (eardrums)

Question 10

the transparent membrane which moves sideways across the eye and helps turtles to see more clearly underwater

Answer 10

nictitating membrane

Question 11

the largest group of turtles

Answer 11

freshwater

Question 12

freshwater turtles are classified into either

Answer 12

hard-shelled or soft-shelled

Question 13

type of freshwater turtle that has a flat, hardened carapace made of large keratin scales

Answer 13

hard-shelled

Question 14

examples of hard-shelled freshwater turtles

Answer 14

snapping turtles
painted turtles

Question 15

the heaviest freshwater turtle

Answer 15

alligator snapping turtle

Question 16

examples of semiterrestrial (can swim but spend a lot of time on land) turtles

Answer 16

box turtle
red-eared slider

Question 17

type of freshwater turtle that has a round, flat carapace covered with flexible leathery skin

Answer 17

soft-shelled

Question 18

the largest living turtles

Answer 18

marine turtle

Question 19

differs from other sea turtles in that it is covered with leathery skin instead of scales

Answer 19

leatherback

Question 20

reserved for land turtles with feet and claws suitable for terrestrial life , large sturdy limbs

Answer 20

tortoise

Question 21

one of the world’s largest living land turtles and the longest-living animal

Answer 21

Galapagos tortoise

Question 22

large, thick-skinned, long-tailed aquatic reptiles

the largest living reptiles

Answer 22

crocodilians

Question 23

both the ________________ and the ________ have broad triangular-shaped snouts and concealed lower teeth

Answer 23

alligator
caiman

Question 24

have narrower snouts and some protruding lower teeth

Answer 24

crocodiles

Question 25

the fish-eating ______________ of southern Asia have extremely long, narrow snouts containing large numbers of teeth

Answer 25

gharials (gavials)

Question 26

all crocodilians have this

clean and moistens their eyes without blocking out the light

Answer 26

nictitating membrane

Question 27

method crocodilians reproduce

Answer 27

oviparous

Question 28

the two species of Sphenodon, the only genus in a family and order of tis own

live off the coast of New Zealand

Answer 28

tuatara (means spiny back)

Question 29

situated on top of a tuatara’s brain, with a hole in the skull just above it

a third eye that has no eye muscles but functions to sense radiation

Answer 29

parietal eye

Question 30

the most famous of all extinct creatures are the ______________

a large group of extinct creatures that resemble reptiles in some ways

Answer 30

dinosaurs

Question 31

the largest dinosaurs were the __________________

large herbivorous animals characterized by long necks and tails and columnlike legs

Answer 31

sauropods

Question 32

the most famous sauropod

Answer 32

Apatosaurus

Question 33

many creationists believe that the behemoth was

Answer 33

sauropod

Question 34

some of the most fearsome dinosaurs belonged to a group called the ___________________

bipedal dinosaurs characterized by powerful lower legs used for walking and smaller arms used for grasping

Answer 34

theropods

Question 35

the most famous theropod and one of the largest land carnivores that has ever lived

Answer 35

Tyrannosaurus rex

Question 36

a third well-known group of dinosaurs were the

Answer 36

ceratopsians

Question 37

the most famous ceratopsian

elephant-sized herbivore built like a rhino

characterized by massive skull topped with horns above the eyes and a third horn on its nose

Answer 37

Triceratops

Question 38

classified as dinosaur though not really

most famous is pterodactyls

Answer 38

pterosaurs

Question 39

well-known dinosaur-like sea creature

Answer 39

plesiosaurs