Section 15.4- Special Nutritional Relationships and Nutrient Cycles

Question 1

a close relationship between two different species over a period of time

Answer 1

symbiosis

Question 2

three forms of symbiosis often seen in nature

Answer 2

mutualism
parasitism
commensalism

Question 3

a relationship in which both organisms benefit

Answer 3

mutualism

Question 4

examples of mutualism

Answer 4

1. rhinos and tickbirds
2. termite and tiny protozoan
3. ants that live in acacia thorns and eat leaves

Question 5

a relationship between two organisms in which one benefits while the other is harmed

Answer 5

parasitism

Question 6

examples of parasitism

Answer 6

tick
mosquito
fungi
tapeworms
roundworm

Question 7

a relationship in which one organism is benefited and the other is neither harmed nor helped

Answer 7

commensalism

Question 8

examples of commensalism

Answer 8

1. birds’ nests in trees
2. remora that hide under shark belly
3. mosses and other plants that grow on large tree branch

Question 9

involves a predator-prey relationship

one organisms hunts, kills, and eats another

Answer 9

predation

Question 10

a relationship in which two organisms compete for the same limited resources such as food, water or shelter

Answer 10

competition

Question 11

a relationship in which one organism inhibits another

Answer 11

amensalism

(molds produce antibiotics that inhibit bacterial growth)

Question 12

organisms that share only an indirect relationship

Answer 12

neutralism (bobcat and plants that share habitat)

Question 13

a relationship in which grazing animals feed on plants by cropping portions of the plant without killing it

Answer 13

herbivory

Question 14

energy moves in ________________ in an ecosystem

Answer 14

one direction
(producers, first trophic level, upward through trophic levels)

Question 15

nutrient cycles to recycle minerals and other nutrients in the environment

Answer 15

biochemical cycles

Question 16

cycle that moves water from soil and from water surfaces of the earth, through the atmosphere, and then back to earth

Answer 16

hydrologic cycle

Question 17

three main processes of the hydrologic cycle

Answer 17

evaporation
condensation
precipitation

Question 18

include the carbon-oxygen cycle and the nitrogen cycle

Answer 18

atmospheric cycles

Question 19

atmospheric cycle in which the elements carbon and oxygen are recycled through people, animals, and plants

Answer 19

carbon-oxygen cycle

Question 20

involve nutrients found in the sols and rocks of the earth’s surface

Answer 20

sedimentary cycles

Question 21

one of the main sedimentary cycles

Answer 21

phosphorous cycle

Question 22

the ____________ and ___________ cycles together transport most minerals through all terrestrial and aquatic environments

Answer 22

sedimentary
hydrologic