Section 23.2-- Classical Genetics Flashcards
Austrian monk who began working with pea plants in his monastery garden
known as the Father of Genetics
Gregor Mendel
the scientific study of heredity
Genetics
cross-pollination is rare among pea plants because of the
compact arrangement of the stamen
paired hereditary factors
genes
in modern genetics, different forms or a gene for a particular trait are called
alleles
if an organism has two identical alleles for the same gene, it is said to be
homozygous
If one allele is different from the other, the organism is said to be
heterozygous
show up in the offspring even if an allele for a different trait is also present
dominant trait
the fact that dominant traits show up even if an allele for a different trait is also present
law of dominance
the trait that does not show up when the dominant allele is present is known as the
recessive trait
dominant and recessive alleles are represented by
capital and lowercase letters
the uppercase and lowercase letters describe the _______________ of an individual
is the actual combination of alleles inherited for a particular trait
genotype
the outcome or expression of the genes in the physical appearance of the individual
phenotype
a chart that helps us to visualize all the possible combinations of alleles that could result in the offspring
Punnett Square
term used by Mendel to describe an organism with two different alleles for a particular trait
hybrid
law that states that alleles for each trait segregate or separate randomly during the formation of gametes.
law of segregation
scientists have found that the law of __________________ does not hold true in every case
dominance
the mixing or blending of traits is called
incomplete dominance
an organism that is heterozygous for two traits is called a
dihybrid
states that the segregation of one gene does not influence the segregation of the other
law of independent assortment
when both traits may be inherited together and not be sorted independently
linkage
because they are linked together, all the genes on a given chromosome are known collectively as a
linkage group
a chromosome either keeps its original alleles or exchanges them for the alleles on its partner; this exchange is called
recombination
another source of genetic variation is the
varying assortment of whole chromosomes during meiosis
published a paper in which he theorized that an organism’s heredity is determined by chromosomes within the sex cells of its parents
Walter S Sutton
laid the foundation for all modern genetic research
chromosome theory of inheritance
began a quarter century of genetic research that would earn him a Nobel prize in 1933
Thomas Hunt Morgan
used by Morgan in his research
Drosophila melanogaster
the chromosomes that determine an organism’s sex
sex chromosomes
female sex chromosomes
X chromosomes
male’s sex chromosome counterpart to the X chromosome
Y chromosome
Morgan demonstrated that not only are white eyes recessive to red eyes but also that the trait is
sex-linked
