Section 23.2-- Classical Genetics

Question 1

Austrian monk who began working with pea plants in his monastery garden

known as the Father of Genetics

Answer 1

Gregor Mendel

Question 2

the scientific study of heredity

Answer 2

Genetics

Question 3

cross-pollination is rare among pea plants because of the

Answer 3

compact arrangement of the stamen

Question 4

paired hereditary factors

Answer 4

genes

Question 5

in modern genetics, different forms or a gene for a particular trait are called

Answer 5

alleles

Question 6

if an organism has two identical alleles for the same gene, it is said to be

Answer 6

homozygous

Question 7

If one allele is different from the other, the organism is said to be

Answer 7

heterozygous

Question 8

show up in the offspring even if an allele for a different trait is also present

Answer 8

dominant trait

Question 9

the fact that dominant traits show up even if an allele for a different trait is also present

Answer 9

law of dominance

Question 10

the trait that does not show up when the dominant allele is present is known as the

Answer 10

recessive trait

Question 11

dominant and recessive alleles are represented by

Answer 11

capital and lowercase letters

Question 12

the uppercase and lowercase letters describe the _______________ of an individual

is the actual combination of alleles inherited for a particular trait

Answer 12

genotype

Question 13

the outcome or expression of the genes in the physical appearance of the individual

Answer 13

phenotype

Question 14

a chart that helps us to visualize all the possible combinations of alleles that could result in the offspring

Answer 14

Punnett Square

Question 15

term used by Mendel to describe an organism with two different alleles for a particular trait

Answer 15

hybrid

Question 16

law that states that alleles for each trait segregate or separate randomly during the formation of gametes.

Answer 16

law of segregation

Question 17

scientists have found that the law of __________________ does not hold true in every case

Answer 17

dominance

Question 18

the mixing or blending of traits is called

Answer 18

incomplete dominance

Question 19

an organism that is heterozygous for two traits is called a

Answer 19

dihybrid

Question 20

states that the segregation of one gene does not influence the segregation of the other

Answer 20

law of independent assortment

Question 21

when both traits may be inherited together and not be sorted independently

Answer 21

linkage

Question 22

because they are linked together, all the genes on a given chromosome are known collectively as a

Answer 22

linkage group

Question 23

a chromosome either keeps its original alleles or exchanges them for the alleles on its partner; this exchange is called

Answer 23

recombination

Question 24

another source of genetic variation is the

Answer 24

varying assortment of whole chromosomes during meiosis

Question 25

published a paper in which he theorized that an organism’s heredity is determined by chromosomes within the sex cells of its parents

Answer 25

Walter S Sutton

Question 26

laid the foundation for all modern genetic research

Answer 26

chromosome theory of inheritance

Question 27

began a quarter century of genetic research that would earn him a Nobel prize in 1933

Answer 27

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Question 28

used by Morgan in his research

Answer 28

Drosophila melanogaster

Question 29

the chromosomes that determine an organism’s sex

Answer 29

sex chromosomes

Question 30

female sex chromosomes

Answer 30

X chromosomes

Question 31

male’s sex chromosome counterpart to the X chromosome

Answer 31

Y chromosome

Question 32

Morgan demonstrated that not only are white eyes recessive to red eyes but also that the trait is

Answer 32

sex-linked