Section 20.1- Insect Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
the largest and most diverse group of animals
invertebrates
invertebrates with jointed appendages, make up more than three fourths of all species in the animal kingdom and include such familiar creatures as insects, spiders, crayfish, centipedes, and millipedes
arthropods
in place of an internal backbone, arthropods have a strong, lightweight and flexible
exoskeleton
a substance that is chemically similar to cellulose or starch that composes the exoskeleton of an arthropod
chitin
all arthropods have…
- jointed legs
- segmented body
form the largest class in the animal kingdom
insects
include spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks
arachnids
consist of creatures with numerous body segments and legs
centipedes
millipedes
include crayfish, lobsters, crabs, shrimp
crustaceans
the most varied and numerous of all God’s living creatures
make up more than 70% of all animal species
insects
scientists who study insects
enotmologists
all insects have an exoskeleton that is divided into three distinct body regions:
head
thorax
abdomen
all insects have a single pair of
antennae
as adults, all insects have both ______________________ and ____________________
compound eyes
simple eyes
all insects breathe through breathing tubes called
trachae
all insects have _____________ pairs of jointed legs
3
most insects begin life as an
egg
process by which insects mature
may be complete or incomplete
metamorphosis
metamorphosis in which the insect begins life as an egg that hatches into a nymph
incomplete metamorphosis
an immature form the insect that looks much like the adult but has different body proportions
nymph
metamorphosis in which the egg develops into larva
complete metamorphosis
a wormlike eating and growing stage
larva
coccoon or chrysalis stage of complete metamorphosis
after larva
pupa
two of the most familiar insects that undergo complete metamorphosis are
monarch butterfly
cecropia moth
complete cycle of incomplete metamorphosis
egg
nymph
molts
adult
complete cycle of complete metamorphosis
egg
larva
pupa
adult
common names for insects in larva stage
grubs
maggot
wigglers
caterpillars
one of the most common and familiar insects
grasshopper
the front segment of the grasshopper
head
part of grasshopper that can detect only light and shadow
simple eyes
eyes that are sensitive to shape, color, and movement
compound eyes
a small mass of nerve tissue located in the insect’s head
brain
the components of an insect’s mouth are
mouthparts
the specially designed chewing mouthparts of a grasshopper’s mouth are teh
labrum and labium (form upper and lower lips)
mandibles and maxillae (jaws)
a fingerlike organ on the labium and each maxillae that may also taste plants to see if they are suitable for consumption
palp
the middle part of the grasshopper’s body that is divided into three parts
thorax
the three parts of the thorax
prothorax (first section)
mesothorax (middle legs and wings)
metathorax (rear legs and wings)
the grasshopper’s locomotive center
thorax
the rearmost portion of the grasshopper’s body that contains the vital organs, including the heart, much of the digestive system, and most of the respiratory system and excretory system
abdomen
minute respiratory openings in the segments of the abdomen
spiracles
a single eardrum located on each side pf the first abdominal segment
tympanum
order of digestion in insects
esophagus
crop
gizzard
stomach
colon
rectum
anus
special enzymes produced by glands to help the stomach with digestion
gastric ceca
serves as the insect’s primary organ for absorbing nutrients
stomach
the intestine of a grasshopper is composed solely of
colon
rectum
tubelike
located in upper abdomen under exoskeleton
heart
as the heart contracts, the blood travels forward into the
extends into the insect’s head
aorta
blood reenters the heart through tiny openings long its sides called
ostia
special organs that filter metabolic wastes
serve as kidneys
Malpighian tubules
where a grasshopper’s eggs develop
two ovaries
carries the eggs away from each ovary,
two unite to form a single tube that opens near the tip of the female’s abdomen
oviducts
the female stores the male’s sperm when they mate
a specialized container where the sperm remain until the female is ready to lay her eggs
seminal receptacle
a sharp-pointed, hard organ in which a female uses to dig a hole to lay her eggs
ovipositor
