Section 19.2- Systems and Internal Organs of Bony Fish

Question 1

special organs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass between the water and the fish’s blood

their are typically four on each side of fish

Answer 1

gills

Question 2

each gill consists of a curved arch of cartilage called the

Answer 2

gill arch

Question 3

from the gill arch branch two rows of long, narrow

looks like a stack of disks

Answer 3

gill filaments

Question 4

the fish’s respiration process is so efficient that it cn extract as much as ___________ of the oxygen from the water that passes across its gills

Answer 4

80%

Question 5

protect the delicate gills

Answer 5

operculum

Question 6

is beneath each operculum and opens into the fish’s pharynx

Answer 6

gill chamber

Question 7

vanelike projections from the front of each gill arch that strain food particles and other debris out of the water, preventing the gills from becoming fouled by these sediments

Answer 7

gill rakers

Question 8

a closed system of arteries, veins, and capillaries that

Answer 8

circulatory system

Question 9

white blood cells of the _____________________ also circulate throughout the blood, protecting the fish from bacteria, viruses etc.

Answer 9

immune system

Question 10

a fish is designed with a _______ chambered heart

Answer 10

two

Question 11

the single major artery that exits the front of the heart from the ventricle

Answer 11

ventral aorta

Question 12

a muscular, funnel-shaped structure that helps smooth the blood flow so that the blood pressure through the gills is kept almost constant

Answer 12

bulbus arteriosus

Question 13

supply the fish’s head and brain with oxygen and nutrients then branches supply the fish’s muscle and internal organs with blood

Answer 13

dorsal aorta

Question 14

veins from all parts of the fish’s body converge to form a single large vein which flows into the atrium of the heart, beginning another cycle of circulation

Answer 14

sinus venosus

Question 15

the most numerous of all fish are the

Answer 15

plankton eaters

Question 16

the beginning of the fish’s digestive system

Answer 16

oral cavity

Question 17

a short, straight tube that leads to the stomach

Answer 17

esophagus

Question 18

food is primarily digested in the stomach

Answer 18

stomach

Question 19

digested food exits the rear of the stomach through the

Answer 19

pyloric sphincter

Question 20

the pyloric sphincter leads to the

Answer 20

intestines

Question 21

steps of a fish’s digestion

Answer 21

1. oral cavity
2. pharynx
3. esophagus
4. stomach
5. pyloric sphincter
6. intestine
7. anus

Question 22

short extensions of the intestine which produce additional digestive juices and may also aid in absorption

Answer 22

pyloric ceca

Question 23

in sharks, rays, and a few bony fish, the instestine is quipped with a spiral divider which serves the same purpose of villi in other bony fish, absorb nutrients

Answer 23

spiral valve

Question 24

water-soluble metabolic wastes are filtered from the blood by the

Answer 24

kidneys

Question 25

solid wastes and indigestible materials are excreted from the fish through

Answer 25

anus

Question 26

located at the front of the brain and are responsible for the fish’s keen sense of smell

Answer 26

two olfactory lobes

Question 27

located just behind the cerebral lobes

often larger than the cerebrum and cerebellum combined

Answer 27

optic lobes

Question 28

the optic lobes are connected to the large eyes by

Answer 28

optic nerves

Question 29

still large in relation to total brain size and is often larger than its counter-part

responsible for coordinating the fish’s voluntary muscles

Answer 29

cerebellum

Question 30

the rearmost part of the brain

controls heartbeat, digestive processes etc.

Answer 30

medulla oblongata

Question 31

bony fish have well-designed _____________ and __________________

Answer 31

senses
sense organs

Question 32

ears of a fish are completely

Answer 32

internal

Question 33

a system of special nerve endings that extends over its head and the sides of its body

Answer 33

lateral line

Question 34

in both sexes, gametes are released through the

Answer 34

urogenital opening

Question 35

most bony fish reproduce through

Answer 35

external fertilization

Question 36

means to lay their eggs

Answer 36

spawn

Question 37

the eggs are known as

Answer 37

roe

Question 38

during fertilization, the male releases a fluid into the water through his urogenital opening called

Answer 38

milt

Question 39

once an egg is fertilized, it begins to divide to form an

Answer 39

embryo

Question 40

a nutrient-filled sac attached to the embryo that nourishes it

Answer 40

yolk mass

Question 41

one of the most interesting organs of a bony fish

a hollow-gas-filled chamber located high in the fish’s body cavity

Answer 41

swim bladder

Question 42

extracts oxygen or other gases from the fish’s blood and uses the gas to inflate the bladder

Answer 42

gas gland

Question 43

bony fish that live near the bottom and have no swim bladder

Answer 43

flounders

Question 44

use their swimbladder as a sort of lung and thus can breathe in the air as well as in water

Answer 44

lungfish

Question 45

use their swim bladder to make various sounds

Answer 45

catfish

Question 46

part of deep-sea fish skin or digestive tract that enable them to pierce the gloom of the murky ocean depths

Answer 46

light-producing organs

Question 47

other fish use this to stun or kill an enemy or prey

Answer 47

electricity-generating organs

Question 48

fish that devotes about 75% of its body to its electricity generating

Answer 48

electric eel

Question 49

have the most dramatic spawning runs

Answer 49

Pacific salmon

Question 50

is considered the backbone of the gills

Answer 50

gill arch

Question 51

part of gill that absorbs oxygen

Answer 51

gill filaments

Question 52

migrates to the Sargasso Sea

Answer 52

freshwater eel