Section 19.2- Systems and Internal Organs of Bony Fish Flashcards
special organs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass between the water and the fish’s blood
their are typically four on each side of fish
gills
each gill consists of a curved arch of cartilage called the
gill arch
from the gill arch branch two rows of long, narrow
looks like a stack of disks
gill filaments
the fish’s respiration process is so efficient that it cn extract as much as ___________ of the oxygen from the water that passes across its gills
80%
protect the delicate gills
operculum
is beneath each operculum and opens into the fish’s pharynx
gill chamber
vanelike projections from the front of each gill arch that strain food particles and other debris out of the water, preventing the gills from becoming fouled by these sediments
gill rakers
a closed system of arteries, veins, and capillaries that
circulatory system
white blood cells of the _____________________ also circulate throughout the blood, protecting the fish from bacteria, viruses etc.
immune system
a fish is designed with a _______ chambered heart
two
the single major artery that exits the front of the heart from the ventricle
ventral aorta
a muscular, funnel-shaped structure that helps smooth the blood flow so that the blood pressure through the gills is kept almost constant
bulbus arteriosus
supply the fish’s head and brain with oxygen and nutrients then branches supply the fish’s muscle and internal organs with blood
dorsal aorta
veins from all parts of the fish’s body converge to form a single large vein which flows into the atrium of the heart, beginning another cycle of circulation
sinus venosus
the most numerous of all fish are the
plankton eaters
the beginning of the fish’s digestive system
oral cavity
a short, straight tube that leads to the stomach
esophagus
food is primarily digested in the stomach
stomach
digested food exits the rear of the stomach through the
pyloric sphincter
the pyloric sphincter leads to the
intestines
steps of a fish’s digestion
- oral cavity
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- pyloric sphincter
- intestine
- anus
short extensions of the intestine which produce additional digestive juices and may also aid in absorption
pyloric ceca
in sharks, rays, and a few bony fish, the instestine is quipped with a spiral divider which serves the same purpose of villi in other bony fish, absorb nutrients
spiral valve
water-soluble metabolic wastes are filtered from the blood by the
kidneys
solid wastes and indigestible materials are excreted from the fish through
anus
located at the front of the brain and are responsible for the fish’s keen sense of smell
two olfactory lobes
located just behind the cerebral lobes
often larger than the cerebrum and cerebellum combined
optic lobes
the optic lobes are connected to the large eyes by
optic nerves
still large in relation to total brain size and is often larger than its counter-part
responsible for coordinating the fish’s voluntary muscles
cerebellum
the rearmost part of the brain
controls heartbeat, digestive processes etc.
medulla oblongata
bony fish have well-designed _____________ and __________________
senses
sense organs
ears of a fish are completely
internal
a system of special nerve endings that extends over its head and the sides of its body
lateral line
in both sexes, gametes are released through the
urogenital opening
most bony fish reproduce through
external fertilization
means to lay their eggs
spawn
the eggs are known as
roe
during fertilization, the male releases a fluid into the water through his urogenital opening called
milt
once an egg is fertilized, it begins to divide to form an
embryo
a nutrient-filled sac attached to the embryo that nourishes it
yolk mass
one of the most interesting organs of a bony fish
a hollow-gas-filled chamber located high in the fish’s body cavity
swim bladder
extracts oxygen or other gases from the fish’s blood and uses the gas to inflate the bladder
gas gland
bony fish that live near the bottom and have no swim bladder
flounders
use their swimbladder as a sort of lung and thus can breathe in the air as well as in water
lungfish
use their swim bladder to make various sounds
catfish
part of deep-sea fish skin or digestive tract that enable them to pierce the gloom of the murky ocean depths
light-producing organs
other fish use this to stun or kill an enemy or prey
electricity-generating organs
fish that devotes about 75% of its body to its electricity generating
electric eel
have the most dramatic spawning runs
Pacific salmon
is considered the backbone of the gills
gill arch
part of gill that absorbs oxygen
gill filaments
migrates to the Sargasso Sea
freshwater eel
