Section 21.6- Protozoa: Single-Celled Creatures Flashcards
unicellular animal-like creatures
protozoa
are especially interesting to scientists because of their unusual resemblance to both plants and animals
found in freshwater ponds and streams
euglenas
euglenas have green color because they contain
chlorophyll
thickened membrane that covers the euglena’s cylindrical body and acts as a cell wall
pellicle
whiplike filament located on its anterior end that allows a euglena to move freely
flagellum
method of movement utilized by the euglena and found in no other organism
changes the body shape
euglenoid movement
near the flagellum of thhe euglena
leads to a reservoir
gullet opening
beside the reservoir of a euglena
stores and discharges water and liquid wastes
contractile vacuole
a euglena possesses a _____________ and thus can manufacture own food
chloroplasts
euglena are aided in the process of photosynthesis by a red, photosensitive
eyespot
euglenas reproduce chiefly by
binary fission
a parasitic flagellate that is transmitted to humans by bites from the tsetse fly
trypanosome
trypanosome causes the disease
African sleeping sickness
aids the trypanosome in its movement through the blood of its host
undulating membrane
protozoa that have flexible bodies and can change shape at will
sarcodines
the best known and most common sarcodine
amoeba
fingerlike projections of an amoeba’s cell membrane that are continually pushed out to enable movement
give the organism an ever-changing, irregular body outline
pseudopods (false feet)
pseudopods are used for _________________ and for ____________________
locomotion
ingesting food particles
food taken into the amoeba’s body is enclosed within a
digests by special enzymes
food vacuole
one harmful species of amoeba causes a sickness which is common is areas of the world where unsanitary conditions prevail
amoebic dysentery
produce shells made of calcium carbonate
foraminiferans
sarcodine that may be pressed together to make chalk
forminiferans
sarcodines that secrete intricate shells made of silica
radiolarians
hairlike projections
cilia
can be distinguished by their unique slipper shape and the cilia that cover them on all sides
are actually submarine-shaped
paramecium
large nucleus possessed by a paramecium
macronucleus
small nucleus possessed by a paramecium
micronucleus
the outer layer of a paramecium is called the
cortex or ectoplasm
the inner layer of the paramecium is called the
endoplasm
the thick cell membrane of a paramecium is known as the
pellicle
dartlike structures that the paramecium shoots out when it is attacked or when it is feeding
trichocysts
the mouth cavity of a paramecium that resembles a tunnel
oral groove
liquid wastes are excreted by the two star-shaped contractile vacuoles, and undigested food particles are released at the
anal pore
paramecia reproduce by two ways
fission
conjugation
paramecia reproduction in which two paramecia exchange nuclear materials
conjugation
a barrel-shaped ciliate that commonly feeds on paramecia
didinium
a stalked ciliate commonly found in stagnant ponds
like upside-down bell
vorticella
a strumpet-shaped ciliate that grows to a length of 1/10 of an inch and can be found in fresh and salt water
stentor
nonmotile protozoa that are spore-forming and are almost all parasites requiring two hosts
sporozoans
one of the most common infectious diseases in the world is
malaria
malaria is caused by the sporozoa
Plasmodium
has one of the most complicated reproductive cycles of any protozoan
plasmodium
reproduces both sexually, asexually and undergoes alternation of generations
Plasmodium
