Section 24.2-- The Activities of DNA

Question 1

the flow of biological information from DNA to RNA and then from RNA to protein is known as the

Answer 1

central dogma of molecular biology

Question 2

the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division is called

Answer 2

replication

Question 3

process through which the cell copies the information contained in the DNA into messenger RNA molecules

Answer 3

transcription

Question 4

the messenger RNA molecules in turn, provide the information to the ribosomes to make protein molecules through

Answer 4

translation

Question 5

more recently, scientists have found that many viruses, like HIV, can make DNA starting from molecules of RNA in a process called

Answer 5

reverse transcription

Question 6

before a cell divides, it makes a copy of its DNA by a process called

Answer 6

replication

Question 7

results in two identical DNA molecules where there had been only one

Answer 7

replication

Question 8

because DNA polymerase cannot replicate the last several base pairs of a chromosome, DNA has special sequences, called ____________-

Answer 8

telomeres

Question 9

after the telomeres are gone, DNA can no longer replicate and the cell dies through

Answer 9

apoptosis

Question 10

when a new protein is needed, the DNA coding for that protein is copied into a

Answer 10

messenger RNA molecule

Question 11

the mRNA produced by __________________ in the nucleus is then shipped to the cytoplasm, where it is used by the ribosomes as a template to make the protein

Answer 11

transcription

Question 12

a consecutive sequence of three nucleotides in the mRNA that translates into a specific amino acid

Answer 12

codon

Question 13

a table with all the possible combinations of nucleotides and the amino acids they generate

Answer 13

genetic code

Question 14

signal the end of the protein and instruct the ribosome to stop translation

Answer 14

stop codons

Question 15

indicates the beginning of a protein and also codes for the amino acid methionine

Answer 15

start codon

Question 16

proteins are manufactured by the

Answer 16

ribosomes

Question 17

ribosomes are made of both protein and

Answer 17

ribosomal RNA

Question 18

amino acids are brought to the ribosome by molecules of

enter the ribosome through a special slot

Answer 18

transfer RNA

Question 19

the process of synthesizing proteins from the RNA pattern is called

Answer 19

translation

Question 20

portions of the chromosomes that do not specify the amino-acid sequence of proteins.

Answer 20

noncoding DNA

Question 21

noncoding DNA sequences located within the genes

Answer 21

introns

Question 22

coding sequences

Answer 22

exons

Question 23

besides nRNA and rRNA, the cell includes many types of RNA molecules that are collectively called

Answer 23

small RNA

Question 24

noncoding DNA also helps determine the structure of

Answer 24

chromatin and chromosomes

Question 25

these small random changes in the DNA that can be thought of as typographical errors in the genetic material

Answer 25

mutations

Question 26

allows man to make genetic changes in organisms more quickly and more precisely

Answer 26

genetic engineering

Question 27

can be used to produce a genetic twin of any organism

Answer 27

cloning