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Biology > Chapter 13- Natural History and Scientific Investigation > Flashcards

Chapter 13- Natural History and Scientific Investigation Flashcards

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1
Q

SECTION 13.1

A

SECTION 13.1

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2
Q

where did God command man to subdue the earth?

A

Genesis 1:28

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3
Q

the reasons for subduing the earth

A

glory to God
good of humanity

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4
Q

when did God curse the earth and alter man’s association with its creatures

A

after the fall of man because of sin

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5
Q

as civilization continued to develop, men moved further ______________ the truth of God’s creation

A

away

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6
Q

had a distinct advantage of all ancient people in their study of the natural world

A

Hebrews

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7
Q

why did the Hebrews have an advantage in the study of ancient world

A

because they had the Scriptures

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8
Q

most famous early Hebrew naturalist

A

Solomon

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9
Q

borrowed the wisdom of the ancients and built upon it

A

Greeks

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10
Q

the early Greek naturalist that advocated an explanation for the origin of life based solely on natural principles

A

Anaximander

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11
Q

the idea that living things can arise from nonliving things

A

spontaneous generation

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12
Q

the teaching that all living things developed from a common ancestor

A

evolution

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13
Q

early Greek philosopher who put together a system known as doctrine of ideas

A

Plato

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14
Q

viewed the physical world as not genuinely real and therefore changeable and relative

A

Plato

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15
Q

taught that we learn by remembering knowledge gained through countless cycles of reincarnation

A

Plato

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16
Q

school Plato founded

A

Acadamy

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17
Q

Plato’s most famous disciple who rejected much of Plato’s system and developed his own doctrine of intellect

A

Aristotle

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18
Q

according to Aristotle’s doctrine of intellect, the highest form of reality is

A

intellectual speculation

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19
Q

despite the Greek misunderstandings of the universe, their studies led them to a demonstration of the

A

unity and consistency of nature

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20
Q

were excellent COMPILERS of knowledge and made many original advances in natural science

A

Romans

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21
Q

wrote Natural History

A

Pliny the Elder

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22
Q

a Greek physician whose work became the absolute authority in human anatomy for over a thousand years

A

Galen

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23
Q

the Bible -__________ a science text

A

is NOT

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24
Q

four reason the truths of Scripture are important for study of nature

A
  1. man and all nature are creation of rational, loving, orderly God
  2. God is the creator of matter, but He is not matter Himself; more to universe than matter and energy
  3. Man has dominion
  4. Man gains understanding as he subdues the earth
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25
Q

the primary scientific authority in the Middle Ages

A

philosophers such as PLato, Aristotle, Pliny

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26
Q

the Greek sect of Christianity was commonly known as the

A

Nestorians

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27
Q

SECTION 13.2 _Modern Science

A

Section 13.2

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28
Q

the hallmark of the Protestant movement which made people very interested in the natural world that the God of Scriptures had created

A

the return to the authority of the Scriptures

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29
Q

modern science was built on

A

biblical principles

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29
Q

Protestant pastor and schoolmaster who wrote Herbarum

A

Otto Brunfels

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30
Q

wrote The Natural History of PLants around the same time Brunfels worked

A

Leonhard Fuchs

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31
Q

the SWISS NATURALIST who was probably the best-educated naturalit of his day;

A

Konrad Gesner

32
Q

Gesner’s primary work was a five volume work called

A

Historriae Animalim

33
Q

the year that marked the milestone in the history of biology

A

1543

34
Q

1543 was important because that was the year

A

Adreas Vesalius presented to the world his book on the structure of the human body

35
Q

Vesalius’s book is commonly called

A

Fabrica

36
Q

The Father of Anatomy

A

Vesalius

37
Q

English physician and great physiologist who was known for his classic work on the CIRCULATION OF BLOOD through the body

A

William Harcy

38
Q

the idea that the universe consists of nothing but matter and energy and had no spiritual or supernatural aspects

A

materialism

39
Q

was created to repudiate the unbelieving ideas of materialistic philosophers who said that man could arrive at all knowledge through science

A

Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge

40
Q

institute founded in Paris and was supported largely by Huguenots and by Jansenists (Calvinist French Catholics)

A

French Acadamy of Sciences

41
Q

the most outstanding Jansenist was the great mathematician and scientist

A

Blaise Pascal

42
Q

the most energizing thing to the study of biology was the development of the

A

microscope

43
Q

the concept of using glass for magnification can be traced back to medieval English monk

A

Roger Bacon

44
Q

first man to devote an entire book exclusively to microscopic observations

A

Robert Hooke

45
Q

Hooke’s book Micrographia described his work with

A

cells of cork

46
Q

the Dutch naturalist that was the first person to devote his whole life to studies with the microscope

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

47
Q

one of the most fundamental principles in biology

said that
1. all living things are composed of living units called cells and of cell products
2. all cells come from preexisting cells

A

cell theory

48
Q

Father of Chemistry

A

Boyle

49
Q

Father of Physics

A

Newton

50
Q

was known for his microscopic work with protozoa and his publishments at the Royal Society

A

van Leeuwenhoek

51
Q

SECTION 13.3- Biology and Scientific Investigation

A

Section 13.3

52
Q

the Scriptures provide us with

A
  1. true account of origin of all things
  2. interpretive framework by which to view life and the world
53
Q

two biblical presuppositions that science would be impossible without

A
  1. there is a cause for every effect or event in creation
  2. there is something real to be discovered and understood about creation
54
Q

special process scientists use to solve scientific problems

A

scientific method

55
Q

the scientific method is a form of

reasoning from specific events in nature to their general causes

A

inductive reasoning

56
Q

three main activities of the scientific method are

A

theorizing
observing
hypothesizing

57
Q

steps of scientific method

A
  1. State the problem
  2. Think of possible solutions (hypotheses)
  3. Test the hypotheses
  4. Reach conclusion
  5. Keep open mind
  6. Test conclusion with additional experiments
58
Q

tentative solutions to a sceintific problem

A

hypotheses

59
Q

T/F: Hypotheses are the answer to the problem

A

FALSE

60
Q

what biologists use which are experiments in which all factors are identical except the one being tested

A

controlled experiments

61
Q

one factor being tested is called the

A

variable

62
Q

group of substance that is tested upon

A

experimental group

63
Q

group of substance that is not experimented on

A

control group

64
Q

every good experiment must have a ________________ to prove that the variable produced the results of the experiment

A

control group

65
Q

the repeating of experimental work

A

replication

66
Q

when a hypothesis has passed the test of many well-designed experiments and has the support of other scientists, it is referred to as

A

theory

67
Q

if theory stands the test of time and is verified by experiment after experiment, it may eventually be referred to as

A

scientific law

68
Q

the goal of science is to determine _______________ and to use them for ______________ and ________________

A

determine God’s laws of nature

use for man’s benefit and God’s glory

69
Q

scientific facts

A

exist

70
Q

one of the first scientists to present evidence against spontaneous generation

(used jars of meat and different coverings)

A

Francesco Redi

71
Q

conducted experiments that marked the end of spontaneous generation as a scientific possibility

A

Louis Pasteur

72
Q

Pasteur’s experiments showed that not even the

A

simplest organisms can develop from nonliving matter

73
Q

said that living things can come only from other living things

A

law of biogenesis

74
Q

the idea that science can find answers for all the problems in life

A

scientism

75
Q

is not a valid instrument with which to measure that which is spiritual

A

scientific method

76
Q

true science is limited to what is

A

observable and repeatable in the natural world

77
Q

biology is limited to

A
  1. finding God’s design in the physical part of the living creation
  2. applying that knowledge to help man dominate the earth

Biology (48 decks)

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