Section 18.4-- Amphibian: Vertebrates with a Double Life

Question 1

another group of cold-blooded vertebrates that live both on land and in water

Answer 1

amphibians

Question 2

the three orders of living amphibians

Answer 2

frogs and toads
salamanders
caecilians

Question 3

the largest order of amphibians

Answer 3

frogs and toads

Question 4

body forms of amphibians exhibit great

Answer 4

diversity of body structure

Question 5

most amphibians are ________________ because of their reproduction

Answer 5

oviparous

Question 6

after amphibians’ eggs hatch, young amphibians usually pass through an aquatic, gilled

Answer 6

larval stage

Question 7

the transition of the larva into an adult is called

Answer 7

metamorphisis

Question 8

must remain moist for the amphibian to remain alive

Answer 8

their skin

Question 9

most amphibians have ____________ of limbs

Answer 9

two pairs

Question 10

as larvae, amphibians breathe by means of external or internal

Answer 10

gills

Question 11

as they become adults, most lose their gills and begin breathing with

Answer 11

lungs

Question 12

all amphibians have a ____________-chambered heart

Question 13

amphibians are _________________ (homeothermic or poikilothermic?)

Answer 13

poikilothermic

Question 14

frogs and toads are collectively called

Answer 14

anurans

Question 15

can refer to all anurans but is especially used for those species that have smooth skin and live in or near water

Answer 15

frog

Question 16

refers to primarily terrestrial anurans with rough, warty skin

Answer 16

toads

Question 17

the world’s largest anuran

Answer 17

Goliath frog

Question 18

the three types of branched pigment cells that control the skin coloration of amphibians as well as many reptiles and fish

Answer 18

chromatophores

Question 19

the chromatophores containing __________________ are the most important pigment cells for adjusting coloration to blend with a background

Answer 19

melanin

Question 20

the outer epidermal layer of anurans contains________________ which provides the skin with some protection against loss of water

Answer 20

keratin

Question 21

anurans from the forests of South and Central America that possess an extremely potent neurotoxin

used by Indians to coat arrows with poison

Answer 21

poison-dart frogs

Question 22

a process in which a male anuran clasps the female to help the female expel the eggs

Answer 22

amplexus

Question 23

the most prominent feature of the frog’s head is the

Answer 23

eyes

Question 24

are located on the upper part of the frog’s head in front of the eyes

Answer 24

nostrils

Question 25

the openings of the ______________________ are located on either side of the rood of the mouth near where the upper and lower jaws hings

Answer 25

eustachian tubes

Question 26

one of the most prominent features of the frog’s oral cavity

Answer 26

tongue

Question 27

_________________ teeth project from the upper jaw

Answer 27

maxillary

Question 28

two additional teeth of a frog that extend from the roof of the mouth

Answer 28

vomerine teeth

Question 29

purpose of the frog’s teeth

Answer 29

prevent prey from escaping before frog can swallow it

Question 30

the rear of a frog’s mouth opens into a large

Answer 30

gullet

Question 31

the gullet leads to an expandable

Answer 31

esophagus

Question 32

the lower end of the of the esophagus joins the

Answer 32

stomach

Question 33

connects the lower end of the stomach to the coiled small intestine

Answer 33

pyloric sphincter

Question 34

where most nutrients are absorbed

Answer 34

small intestine

Question 35

the lower end of the small intestine leads into the

Answer 35

large intestine

Question 36

the large intestine opens into the

cavity that collects and stores wastes from both the large intestine and the kidneys

also passageway for male and female reproductive cells to the exterior

Answer 36

cloaca

Question 37

the largest organ in the frog that has three lobes, is dark red in color, and is located in the ventral part of the body cavity

Answer 37

liver

Question 38

a small, light-colored, irregularly shaped organ

Answer 38

pancreas

Question 39

special membrane that holds the pancreas in place between the stomach and the first fold of the small intestine

Answer 39

mesentery

Question 40

stores the bile secreted by the liver

Answer 40

gallbladder

Question 41

maintains the frog’s life processes during estivation and hibernation

Answer 41

slow oxidation of glycogen and fat stored in the liver and in special fat bodies above the kidneys

Question 42

the way that a frog can obtain oxygen through its mouth because of the thin, moist lining of the oral cavity containing tiny capillaries for some time by raising and lowering the floor of the mouth and exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide in its body without the use of lungs

Answer 42

buccal respiration

Question 43

since the frog’s metabolism is greatly reduced during hibernation, ___________________________ alone provides all its oxygen

Answer 43

cutaneous respiration

Question 44

the primary excretory organs of a frog are the

cleanse the blood of water-soluble wastes and form urine

Answer 44

kidneys

Question 45

includes the spinal cord and the brain

Answer 45

CNS

Question 46

ten pairs of cranial nerves and ten pairs of spinal nerves make up the

Answer 46

PNS